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KNOWLEDGE-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS

KNOWLEDGE-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS. OBJECTIVES. Why do businesses today need knowledge management programs and systems for knowledge management? Which information system applications are most useful for distributing, creating, and sharing knowledge in the firm? continued.

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KNOWLEDGE-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS

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  1. KNOWLEDGE-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS

  2. OBJECTIVES • Why do businesses today need knowledge management programs and systems for knowledge management? • Which information system applications are most useful for distributing, creating, and sharing knowledge in the firm? continued

  3. OBJECTIVES (continued) • What are the business benefits of using artificial intelligence technology for knowledge management? • How can businesses use expert systems and case-based reasoning to capture knowledge? • How can organizations benefit from using neural networks and other intelligent techniques?

  4. HILL AND KNOWLTON CANADA LIMITED

  5. MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES • Designing knowledge systems that genuinely enhance organizational performance • Identifying and implementing appropriate organizational applications for artificial intelligence

  6. 14.1 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management • Knowledge Assets • Organizational knowledge regarding how to efficiently and effectively perform business processes and create new products and services that enable the business to create value

  7. 14.1 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management • Organizational Learning • Creation of new standard operating procedures and business processes reflecting experience • Knowledge Management • Set of processes developed to create, gather, store, maintain, and apply the firm’s knowledge

  8. 14.1 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management • Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO) • Senior executive in charge of organization’s knowledge management program

  9. 14.1 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION Systems and Infrastructure for Knowledge Management • Tacit Knowledge • Expertise and experience not formally documented • Best Practices • Successful solutions or problem-solving methods developed by specific organization or industry

  10. 14.1 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION Systems and Infrastructure for Knowledge Management • Organizational Memory • Stored learning from organization’s history • Used for decision making and other purposes

  11. 14.1 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION Systems and Infrastructure for Knowledge Management

  12. 14.2 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS • Information Work • Consists of creating or processing information • Data Workers • Personnel, such as secretaries, who process and disseminate the organization’s information and paperwork • Knowledge Workers • Professionals, such as engineers, who design products or services, or create knowledge

  13. 14.2 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Distributing Knowledge: Office and Document Management Systems • Office Systems • Manage and coordinate work of data and knowledge workers • Connect work of local information workers with all levels and functions of organization • Connect organization to external world • Example: Word processing, voice mail, and imaging

  14. 14.2 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Distributing Knowledge: Office and Document Management Systems

  15. 14.2 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Distributing Knowledge: Office and Document Management Systems

  16. 14.2 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Distributing Knowledge: Office and Document Management Systems Document Imaging Systems • Convert documents and images into digital form • Can be stored and accessed by the computer Knowledge Repository • Documented knowledge in a single location

  17. 14.2 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Distributing Knowledge: Office and Document Management Systems

  18. 14.2 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Distributing Knowledge: Office and Document Management Systems

  19. 14.2 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Creating Knowledge: Knowledge Work Systems Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) • Aid knowledge workers in creation and integration of new knowledge • Specialized tools for specific types of knowledge work • User-friendly interface

  20. 14.2 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Creating Knowledge: Knowledge Work Systems

  21. 14.2 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Creating Knowledge: Knowledge Work Systems

  22. 14.2 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Creating Knowledge: Knowledge Work Systems Examples of Knowledge Work Systems • Computer-aided design (CAD) • Virtual reality systems • Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) • Investment workstations

  23. 14.2 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Creating Knowledge: Knowledge Work Systems

  24. 14.2 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Sharing Knowledge: Group Collaboration Systems and Enterprise Knowledge Environments • Groupware • Intranets and Enterprise Knowledge Environments • Enterprise information portals • Teamware

  25. 14.2 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Intranets and Enterprise Knowledge Environments Knowledge Map • Tool for identifying and locating the organization’s knowledge resources Enterprise Information Portal • Application that enables companies to provide users with a single gateway to internal and external sources of information

  26. 14.2 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Intranets and Enterprise Knowledge Environments

  27. 14.2 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Intranets and Enterprise Knowledge Environments Figure 14.9 An Enterprise Information Portal

  28. 14.3 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE What is Artificial Intelligence? Artificial Intelligence • Effort to develop computer-based systems that behave like humans • Ability to learn language, accomplish physical tasks, use a perceptual apparatus, and emulate human expertise and decision making

  29. 14.3 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE What is Artificial Intelligence?

  30. 14.3 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Why Business is Interested in Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence: • Stores information in active form • Creates mechanism not subjected to human feelings • Eliminates routine and unsatisfying jobs • Enhances organization’s knowledge base by generating solutions to specific problems

  31. 14.3 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Capturing Knowledge: Expert Systems Expert System • Knowledge-intensive computer program that captures the expertise of a human in limited domains of knowledge Knowledge Base • Model of human knowledge that is used by expert system

  32. 14.3 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Capturing Knowledge: Expert Systems How Expert Systems Work • Rule-Based Expert System • An AI program that has a large number of interconnected and nested IF-THEN statements or rules that are the basis for the knowledge • Rule Base • The collection of knowledge in an AI system, represented by IF-THEN statements • AI Shell • The programming environment of an expert system continued

  33. 14.3 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Capturing Knowledge: Expert Systems

  34. 14.3 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Capturing Knowledge: Expert Systems How Expert Systems Work (continued) • Inference Engine • The strategy used to search through the rule base in an expert system • Can be forward or backward chaining

  35. 14.3 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Capturing Knowledge: Expert Systems

  36. 14.3 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Capturing Knowledge: Expert Systems Strategies for Searching the Rule Base • Forward Chaining • begins with the information entered by the user and searches the rule base to arrive at a conclusion • Backward Chaining • acts like a problem solver • begins with a hypothesis and seeks out more information until the hypothesis is either proven or disproved

  37. 14.3 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Capturing Knowledge: Expert Systems Knowledge Engineer • Specialist eliciting information and expertise from other professionals • Translates information into set of rules for an expert system

  38. 14.3 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Organizational Intelligence: Case-Based Reasoning Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) • Captures and stores collective knowledge • Represents knowledge as database of cases and solutions

  39. 14.3 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Organizational Intelligence: Case-Based Reasoning

  40. 14.4 OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES Neural Networks • Hardware or software emulating processing patterns of a biological brain • Put intelligence into hardware in form of a generalized capability to learn

  41. 14.4 OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES Fuzzy Logic • Rule-based AI • Tolerates imprecision • Uses nonspecific terms called membership functions to solve problems

  42. 14. 4 OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES Genetic Algorithms • Problem-solving methods that promote evolution of solutions to specified problems • Use a model of living organisms adapting to their environment

  43. 14.4 OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES Hybrid AI Systems • Integration of multiple AI technologies into a single application • Takes advantage of best features of technologies

  44. 14.4 OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES Intelligent Agents • Software programs • Use built-in or learned knowledge base to carry out specific, repetitive, and predictable tasks

  45. KNOWLEDGE-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS

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