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ILC Test Facilities

ILC Test Facilities. Sergei Nagaitsev Fermilab. International Linear Collider. New energy frontier machine proposed for HEP Parameters Electron-Positron Collider E cm adjustable from 200 – 500 GeV Luminosity  ∫ Ldt = 500 fb -1 in 4 years Energy stability and precision below 0.1%

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ILC Test Facilities

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  1. ILC Test Facilities Sergei Nagaitsev Fermilab

  2. International Linear Collider New energy frontier machine proposed for HEP Parameters • Electron-Positron Collider • Ecm adjustable from 200 – 500 GeV • Luminosity ∫Ldt = 500 fb-1 in 4 years • Energy stability and precision below 0.1% • Electron polarization of at least 80% • The machine must be upgradeable to 1 TeV

  3. Overview • The ILC is based upon a Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) linacs of unprecedented scope ( length=23 km, 1680 Cryomodules, 14,560 SRF cavities, 31.5 MV/m) ~30 km

  4. ILC ML Beam Parameters Average beam power is 11 MW / beam  wall plug to beam efficiency is crucial  Superconducting RF

  5. ML basic building block ILC RF Unit: 3 CM, klystron, modulator, LLRF Baseline design now has 2 CM with 9 cavities, 1 CM with 8 cavities + quad

  6. Issues for ILC linac • Key issues for ILC Physics • Machine Energy, Luminosity, Availability • Technical Challenges • Achieving high gradient in SRF cavities with a reproducible process • Building cryomodules with these cavities that meet ILC specification • Developing a reliable and efficient RF power source • Transport and focus beams at the IP • Industrialization of high volume components • Cost ! • The Global Design Effort is addressing these challenges via a worldwide R&D program with specific goals (see M. Ross’ talk) • Key to achieving these goals are evolving ILC Test Facilities, the subject of this talk

  7. Task Forces • S0/S1 – Cavity and cryomodule • S2 – RF unit system tests • S3 – Damping Rings • S4 – Beam Delivery System • S5 – Positron Source • S6 – Controls and LLRF • S7 – RF sources

  8. Major International Test Facilities • Damping Rings • ATF, CESR-TA, KEKB, PEP-ii • S3: Electron cloud; ions; low emittance; kickers • Main Linac • FLASH, XFEL, STF, ILC-TA, ESA, Zeuthen • Rf unit; heat loads; HOM’s; LLRF; rf sources • S2, S6, S7 • BDS • ATF2, ESA • S4: FFS & MDI design; Small spot tuning

  9. Cavity and Cryomodule Goals • The GDE has established project wide R&D goals for ILC cavities and cryomodules • S0 goal: Establish a process & controls to reliably achieve 35 MV/M in bare cavity tests (80% yield) • S1 goal: Complete an ILC Cryomodule with all cavities at working at accelerating gradients >31.5 MV/M (Average)

  10. SCRF Infrastructure • Bare cavities • Fabrication facilities (Electron beam welder, QC, etc) • Surface treatment facilities BCP & Electro-polish facilities (EP) • Ultra clean H20 & High Pressure Rinse systems • Vertical Test facilities ( Cryogenics + low power RF) • Cavity Dressing Facilities ( cryostat, tuner, coupler) • Class 10/100 clean room • Horizontal Test System (cryogenics and pulsed RF power) • String Assembly Facilities • Large class 10/100 clean rooms, Large fixtures • Cryo-module test facilities • Cryogenics, pulsed RF power, LLRF, controls, shielding, etc. • Beam tests  electron source (RF unit test facilities)

  11. Cavity/CM process and Testing Fail! Cavity Fabrication Surface Processing Vertical Testing Fail! Pass! Horizontal Testing HPR or reprocess He Vessel, couplers, tuner Pass! Cold String Assembly Plan… Develop in labs then transfer technology to industry

  12. Damping Rings • The ATF at KEK has or will demonstrate many/most of the outstanding issues • Low emittance operation • Intra-beam scattering • Ion instabilities • Instrumentation development • Main outstanding issue is the electron cloud • Studies at PEP-II, KEKB, and CESR • Very international program

  13. ATF Prototype Damping Ring

  14. ATF Prototype Damping Ring • Ongoing effort with effort from SLAC, FNAL, Cornell, and LBNL • ATF has been operating since 1997 • Low emittance beams at 1.3 GeV • Many opportunities: • Instrumentation and feedback development • Tuning studies • Ion instabilities • Kicker system demonstrations • Large SLAC involvement since 1992 • Big UK effort with FNAL and Cornell

  15. Electron Cloud Studies • Experimental programs at PEP-II and KEKB • Driven by ILC and Luminosity-factories • Extensive benchmarking of codes • Studies of cloud suppression techniques in dedicated vacuum chambers • Coatings and grooves • Understanding cloud generation • No plans for a system test which would need rebuilding the vacuum systems • System tests at CERN and Frascati

  16. KEK-B and PEP-II • Separate problem: calculate instability threshold and electron cloud generation • Experiments aimed at latter: quantifying techniques to suppress the cloud generation PEP-ii Chamber tests KEK-B E-cloud Tests PEP-ii Sample test

  17. CESR-TA • CESR-TA would be a dedicated DR test facility • Positron beams  testtechniques to suppresselectron cloudgeneration • Study effect in wigglers whereexpected to bemost important • Needs further consideration

  18. Linac Test Facilities • S0/S1 is coordinating the cavity development • S2 provided advice on Linac System Tests • Regional programs: STF, ILCTA-NML, FLASH • Scoped at the 1 to 2 rf unit level • XFEL will also demonstrate many systems level issues • Plans for rf systems tests • ESA and Zeuthen

  19. S2 Task Force

  20. S2 Questions • Single rf unit tests: • Check what gradient spread can be handled by the LLRF system. • Check for heating due to high frequency HOMs. • Check amplitude and phase stability of the RF with respect to the beam. • Check static and dynamic heat loads • Other tests: • Beam dynamics cannot be tested reasonably • Statistical effects like reliability and dark current are hard

  21. DESY R&D Activities Europe The TESLA collaboration centered at DESY developed the SRF technology adopted for ILC. DESY is the world leader • Cavity R&D • 9 cell TESLA shape (baseline for ILC) • Electropolishing development • Large grain Nb, hydroformed • Cryomodule and RF power Development • TTFII/Flash ~ RF unit test facility for XFEL • Industrialization of SRF technology

  22. TTFII/FLASH/XFEL (DESY) Europe • TTFII/FLASH • TTFII: was originally a test facility for TESLA (ILC) • TTFII SRF linac now drives VUV-FEL (FLASH) providing light for BES users • Machine time still available as ILC test facility • XFEL (European Project) • Recently approved for construction at DESY • 20 GeV SRF linac driven light source • DESY Facilities (ramping up in support of XFEL) • Cavity fabrication, processing, test facility upgrades • Cryomodule fabrication  industrial training for XFEL

  23. Diagnostics Accelerating Structures Collimator Undulators Bunch Compressor Bunch Compressor Photon user Experiments 5 MeV 127 MeV 370 MeV 700 MeV Bypass 250 m FLASH Overview Europe RF gun Laser

  24. FLASH uses TESLA CM’s Europe

  25. Performance of Recent CM #7 Europe • Recent CM experience • CM 6 had 5 cavities over 30 MV/M ( but 2 went down WRT HTS) • CM 7 had 6 of 8 cavities above 30 MV/M ( encouraging)

  26. TTFII/FLASH Europe • ILC related performance: • Operations: 13% unscheduled down time (mostly RF sys) • Phase stability:0.14o of 1.3 GHz or 300 fs • dE/E = 2.4 10-4measured at 127 MeV • Plans: • Add 6th CM, beam energy  1 GeV/c • Improve electron gun (reduce dark current) • Add 3rd harmonic CM (FNAL), doubles FEL light output • FLASH operations, ILC studies, Construct XFEL !!! • ~30% of time is available for Accel dev and ILC R&D

  27. XFEL RF Test Facility

  28. STF (Asia) Asia • Superconducting Test Facility (STF) • Location: KEK, Japan • Purpose: General SRF test facility in support of the ILC • Status: Under construction • Facilities • Cavity fabrication, processing, test • ILC module fabrication • ILC module test facility • Plan: Evolve into RF unit test facility

  29. STF Facility KEK Refrigerator Control Room Klystron Gallery Clean Rooms EP Facility Cryomodule Assembly HPR

  30. STF (Superconducting Test Facility)

  31. STF (Superconducting Test Facility)

  32. STF R&D Activities ( Asia) Asia • Cavity R&D • 9 cell TESLA shape (baseline for ILC) • 9 cell Ichiro cavities (goal = higher Eacc) • Seamless cavities (hydroformed) • Single cell EP R&D • Cryomodule & RF Power development • ILC RF unit test facility • Industrialization of SRF technology

  33. Cavity R&D at KEK Asia • 4 Tesla Shape cavities • Processed and vertical tested • 3 cavities achieved ~20 MV/m • 1 achieved 30 MV/m, installed in CM • Performance limited by field emission • 4 Ichiro cavities • Reentrant design lowers B at fixed Eacc • Single cells: 6 examples all > 40 MV/M • But… so far 9 cells are only 12-20 MV/M • Limited by multipacting in end groups • End groups removed1 achieved 29 MV/M • One 19 MV/m Ichiro cavity installed in CM EP 40

  34. STF Plan Asia • Phase 1 (2005-07) Develop SRF cavities & infrastructure • Two types of cavities: TESLA and Ichiro (35  45 MV/m) • Start with two 4 M cryostats (access to STF tunnel) • 1 cavity in each short cryostat Now ! • 4 cavities in each short cryostat Sep 2007 • Improved cavities Apr 2008 • Phase 2 (2008 – 10) DevelopILC Main Linac RF unit • Built Cryomodule test facility • CM Fabrication 2009-10 • Build RF power test infrastructure now-2010 • RF unit test 2011 • In parallel with phase 1,2 • GDE S0 task force (demonstrate 35 MV/M gradient) • Industrialization

  35. Plan of STF Phase 2 beam line Asia ~65m ~36m Toshiba • Phase 2 Beam ( 2011) • 2 SC beam capture cavities • RF gun, ( collab with FNAL) • Bunch charge, structure, and current similar to ILC Existing Short Cryomodules

  36. R&D Activities (Americas) • Cavity R&D • 9 cell TESLA shape (baseline for ILC) • Large grain Nb (TJNL, FNAL) • Electropolishing (Cornell, TJNL, ANL/FNAL) • Cryomodule design & fabrication (FNAL) • RF power development (SLAC) • ILC RF unit test facility (FNAL) • Industrialization just starting

  37. U.S. Cavity R&D = National effort JLab Cornell Electropolish Several cavities > 30 MV/m in vertical test Vertical EP ANL/FNAL Collaboration FNAL: New Vertical Test Facility TESTED 1st cavity on 07/24/07 ANL: New clean rooms, state-of-the-art EP

  38. VCTF in Industrial Building 1 VTS pit Existing IB1 cryoplant/infrastructure for Magnet Test Facility (MTF) • Significant cost savings & faster implementation • Current replacement value ~$10M • Knowledgeable technical staff • 4 cryogenic magnet test stands FY06: tested 29 superconducting magnets • 3 conventional magnet test stands FY06: tested 21 conventional magnets • Cryogenic engineering, data acquisition systems, diagnostic instrumentation, software and data management, etc. • Continue to share cryogenic system and IB1 infrastructure with magnet test program • Cryogenically demanding LHC magnet production tests are finished

  39. VTS Cryostat/Insert Design Based on Fermilab design of DESY/TTF/VTS Added phase separator for better quality He 80K shields Top plate insert Cryostat vacuum vessel f=42” thermal baffles 5K shield radiation shielding 16’ cavity heat exchanger phase separator helium vessel 26.5” radiation shielding fiberglass pit liner cavity Cryostat manufactured by PHPK Technologies, Columbus OH

  40. Cryostat photos September 2006: Cryostat ordered January 2007: He vessel ASME code stamped February 2007: Received at Fermilab March 2007: Temporarily installed April 2007: Permanently installed May 2007: Cryogenic Safety Review May 2007: First cold test and commissioning July 24, 2007: First single-cell cavity tested!!! Fermilab Fermilab PHPK

  41. Horizontal Test System (FNAL) • After vertical test extensive cavity handling ensues • Cavity welded inside He vessel • Cavity opened to install main coupler • Tuner added • Horizontal Test • First test of the cavity with high pulsed RF power • R&D Test bed: tuners (slow), couplers, LLRF, etc. • NEW HTS facility is nearly complete at FNAL “Dressing” HTS Cryostat 1.3 GHz Cavity in HTS Cryostat RF Power for HTS

  42. ILCTA ( FNAL) • ILC RF unit test facility • Location: Fermilab “New Muon Building” (NML) • Goal: Address the GDE “S2 Goals” • Demonstrate a complete ILC RF unit with ILC-like beam • Also crab-cavity R&D, diagnostics development, personnel training, and advanced accelerator R&D. • ILC-like beam • 3.2 nC/bunch @3 MHz • Up to 3000 bunches @ 5Hz • Bunch length: 300-μm rms • Injector Energy: 30-40 MeV (to avoid over focusing in ILC CM) • To understand CM need “known” beam parameters @ CMentrance and exit good diagnostics

  43. Location New Muon Lab

  44. 72 M ~ 22 M ILCTA_NM (FNAL) Existing Building New ILC like tunnel ILC RF unit Diagnostics Gun 3rd har 2nd ILC RF unit CC I,II Bunch Compressor Laser Test Area New Building Test Areas RF Equipment • 40-50 Mev Injector • Well characterized beam • Low energy test area (e.g. 3.9 GHz Crab cavities) • New bldg for diagnostics & AARD • Also houses new large cryo plant new 300 W cryo plant

  45. Stage 1: 1st CM (early CY08) A used 3 MW Klystron, 10 MW, 1.5 ms modulator CC2 RF system Capture cavity 2 in its final location for the injector Type 3+ cryomodule

  46. A0 Photo Injector • The A0 Photo Injector built in collaboration with DESY as part of the TESLA collaboration ( essentially a copy of TTFI) • In operation since late 90’s • Two klystron-based RF systems power the RF Gun & Capture Cavity • Built a second capture cavity (CCII) using high gradient DESY cavity • A0 RF assets and CCII will be moved to NML in 2008 RF Gun prior to solenoid installation Capture Cavity and beamline Capture Cavity-II

  47. ILCTA Plans • Effort is Funding limited phased approach • Cryomodule delivery • 1st (Type 3+) cryomodule built from “kit” of DESY parts in late 2007 • 2nd (Type 3+) CM – 2008 built with U.S. processed cavities • 3rd (ILC Type 4) CM – 2009 all U.S. components • Replace all three CMs with ILC Type 4+ in FY2010 • FY07: Start as a Cryomodule Test Stand • FY08: move A0 photoinjector, start civil construction for new bldg • FY09: 1st beam operation, 2-3 CM, low rep rate operations • FY10: replace all 3 CM with ILC type CM • FY11: install new refrigerator, ILC RF Unit operations • Collaboration: DESY, INFN, ANL, Cockroft, NIU, Rochester, KEK

  48. ILCTA_NML@FNAL Cavities for 1st CM @ FNAL NML: June 07 NML Building 1st of 2 refrigerators each 60 W@1.8K Parts for 1st CM at DESY FNAL Clean Room & CM assembly Area

  49. A facility to test ILC baseline and alternative designs • Many groups in the US and world-wide are looking for a place to test their ILC-related designs. • Need beam at 200-800 MeV, need space to set up tests • Baseline design: • “Keep alive” positron source (ANL) • SC undulator (Cornell) • Crab-cavity (SLAC, Cockcroft Inst) • Alternative designs: • New HOM coupler design (MIT)

  50. Cryomodule Test Stand • We know we will need it eventually. …Need by FY2011 • Location yet undetermined • A 500 sq meters, 32m x 16m, building required. Includes some utility and access space • Much larger than a typical Fermilab magnet test stand due to the shielding cave • Comparable in scope to Stage-1 of NML • Motivations for cryomodule tests • Mechanical checks • Alignment of tubes, flanges, etc. • Leak checks of all volumes • Conditioning of main RF-couplers • Cryo load measurement, Q and Eacc • SC magnet power test • Dark current measurements

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