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On the Way to ILC

On the Way to ILC. Shekhar Mishra Fermilab Talk presented on behalf of ILC-GDE 2/16/06. Talk Presented at the 2006 Aspen Winter Conference: "Particle Physics at the Verge of Discovery". International Linear Collider: Performance Specification (White Paper).

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On the Way to ILC

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  1. On the Way to ILC Shekhar Mishra Fermilab Talk presented on behalf of ILC-GDE 2/16/06 Talk Presented at the 2006 Aspen Winter Conference: "Particle Physics at the Verge of Discovery"

  2. International Linear Collider: Performance Specification (White Paper) • Initial maximum energy of 500 GeV, operable over the range 200-500 GeV for physics running. • Equivalent (scaled by 500 GeV/s) integrated luminosity for the first four years after commissioning of 500 fb-1. • Ability to perform energy scans with minimal changeover times. • Beam energy stability and precision of 0.1%. • Capability of 80% electron beam polarization over the range 200-500 GeV. • Two interaction regions, at least one of which allows for a crossing angleenabling gg collisions. • Ability to operate at 90 GeV for calibration running. • Machine upgradeable to approximately 1 TeV.

  3. Road to: Reference Design Report ITRP Recommendation (Aug 2004) : Superconducting RF is accelerating technology for ILC • 1st ILC Workshop at KEK (11/2004) • working groups (WG) formed to begin identifying contentious design issues • 2nd ILC Workshop Snowmass (8/2005) • modified WG continue identifying baseline design and alternatives • newly formed ‘Global Groups’ begin to discuss and catalogue global design issues • 2nd Snowmass week: concentrate on the list of ‘Top 40’ critical design questions • 1st Meeting of the ILC-GDE (12/2005) • Acceptance of the Baseline Configuration Document (BCD) • Start work towards the Reference Design Report (12/2006, with Cost) • Formation of Accelerator System, Technology and Global systems • Formation of • Design and Cost Board, Change Control Board and R&D Board

  4. GDE RDR / R&D Organization FALC ICFA FALC Resource Board ILCSC GDE Directorate GDE GDE Executive Committee GDE R & D Board GDE Change Control Board GDE Design Cost Board Global R&D Program RDR Design Matrix

  5. GDE RDR / R&D Organization FALC ICFA FALC Resource Board ILCSC GDE Directorate GDE Executive Committee GDE R & D Board GDE Change Control Board GDE Design Cost Board Global R&D Program RDR Design Matrix ILC Design Effort ILC R&D Program

  6. Mission of Global Design Effort • Produce a design for the ILC that includes • A detailed design concept • Performance assessments • Reliable international costing • An industrialization plan • Siting analysis • Detector concepts and scope • Coordinate worldwide prioritized proposal driven R & D efforts • To demonstrate and improve the performance • Reduce the costs • Attain the required reliability, etc.

  7. The Baseline Machine (500GeV) ~30 km ML ~10km (G = 31.5MV/m) 20mr RTML ~1.6km 2mr BDS 5km e+ undulator @ 150 GeV (~1.2km) x2 R = 955m E = 5 GeV not to scale

  8. Luminosity Table min nom max Bunch charge N 1 2 2 x10^10 Number of bunches nb 1330 2820 5640 Linac bunch interval tb154 308 461 ns Bunch length sz150 300 500 mm Vertical emittance gey0.03 0.04 0.08 mm.mrad IP beta (500GeV) bx10 21 21 mm by0.2 0.4 0.4 mm IP beta (1TeV) bx10 30 30 mm by0.2 0.3 0.6 mm

  9. Positron-style room-temperature accelerating section E=70-100 MeV laser standard ILC SCRF modules diagnostics section sub-harmonic bunchers + solenoids Baseline Electron Source • DC Guns incorporating photocathode illuminated by a Ti: Sapphire drive laser. • Long electron microbunches (~2 ns) are bunched in a bunching section • Accelerated in a room temperature linac to about 100 MeV and SRF linac to 5 GeV.

  10. Primary e- source Beam Delivery System IP 250 GeV e- DR Positron Linac 150 GeV 100 GeV Helical Undulator In By-Pass Line Photon Collimators e+ DR Target e- Dump Photon Beam Dump Photon Target Adiabatic Matching Device e+ pre-accelerator ~5GeV Auxiliary e- Source Baseline Positron Source • Helical Undulator Based Positron Source with Keep Alive System • The undulator source will be placed at the 150 GeV point in main electron linac. • This will allow constant charge operation across the foreseen centre-of-mass energy operating range.

  11. ILC Damping Ring: Baseline Design • Positrons: Two rings of ~ 6 km circumference in a single tunnel. • Two rings are needed to reduce e-cloud effects unless significant progress can be made with mitigation techniques. • Preferred to 17 km due to: • Space-charge effects • Acceptance • Tunnel layout (commissioning time, stray fields) • Electrons: one 6 km ring. • Preferred to 3 km due to: • Larger gaps between mini-trains for clearing ions. • Injection and extraction kickers ‘low risk’

  12. Main Linac: Baseline RF Unit

  13. SRF Cavity Gradient * assuming 75% fill factor Total length of one 500 GeV linac  20km

  14. Baseline ILC Cryomodule • The baseline ILC Cryomodule will have 8 9-Cell cavities per cryomodule. The quadrupole will be at the center in the baseline design. • Every 4th cryomodule in the linac would include a quadrupole with a corrector and BPM package.

  15. Modulator Baseline Alternate Operation: an array of capacitors is charged in parallel, discharged in series. (~2m)Will test full prototype in 2006 The Bouncer Compensated Pulse Transformer Style Modulator

  16. RF Power: Baseline Klystrons Specification: 10MW MBK 1.5ms pulse 65% efficiency Thales CPI Toshiba ILC (XFEL @ DESY) has a very limited experience with these Klystrons. Production and operation of these Klystron are issues that needs to be addressed.

  17. Beam Delivery System: Baseline & Alternatives • Baseline (supported, at the moment, by GDE exec) • two BDSs, 20/2mrad, 2 detectors, 2 longitudinally separated IR halls • Alternative 1 • two BDSs, 20/2mrad, 2 detectors in single IR hall @ Z=0 • Alternative 2 • single IR/BDS, collider hall long enough for two push-pull detectors

  18. From Baseline to a RDR July Dec 2006 Jan Frascati Bangalore Vancouver Valencia Freeze Configuration Organize for RDR Review Design/Cost Methodology Review Initial Design / Cost Review Final Design / Cost RDR Document Design and Costing Release RDR

  19. ILC R&D • Major laboratories around the world are working on the ILC Accelerator R&D. • Europe • DESY (TESLA) (55 Institutions) • European XFEL • CARE (11 Institutions) • EuroTeV (27 Institutions) • UK-LCABD (15 Institutions) • Americas (9 Laboratories and Universities) • Fermilab • SLAC • Asia (6 Institution in 5 countries) • KEK Some Highlights of R&D Activities

  20. Key Issues: ILC Main Linac Accelerator Technology • The feasibility demonstration for the ILC requires that a cryomodule be assembled and tested at the design gradient of 35 MV/m. • Cavity technology development to routinely achieve > 35 MV/m and Q ~0.5-1e10, • Finalize the design of an RF Unit and evaluate the reliability issues. It is important to fully test the basic building block of the Linac. • High Power Coupler, HOM, Tuner etc. • 10 MWatt Multi-Beam Klystron, Fabrication, Operation and reliability • RF Distribution, Controls and LLRF • Instrumentation and Feedback • Quadrupole, Corrector and Instrumentation package • Cryogenic Distribution

  21. Europe: ILC R&D • DESY is leading the ILC R&D in Europe. The XFEL at DESY uses ILC Technology and have common R&D goals. • Cavity Gradient • Industrial studies and development of Main Linac Components. • Coupler • RF Power • Cryogenics (LHC) • Instrumentation • Beam Delivery System

  22. DESY: ILC Accelerator Modules in Operation RF gun Diagnostics Accelerating Structures Collimator Undulators Bunch Compressor Bunch Compressor Laser FEL diagnostics 5 MeV 127 MeV 370 MeV 445 MeV bypass 250 m In single cavity measurements 6 out of 8 cavities reach 30 MV/m! At present DESY is operating modules 2* ACC1 Febr 04 1* ACC2 June 02 3* ACC3 April 03 4 ACC4 April 03 5 ACC5 April 03 ACC5

  23. ILC R&D at Fermilab • ILC R&D effort at Fermilab is focused on key design & technical issues in support of the RDR, cost estimate and eventually the CDR for the ILC. • We also have the goal of positioning the Americas to host the ILC at Fermilab • Our efforts are focused on two main areas of the ILC • Main Linac Design • Civil and Site Development • Main Linac R&D: • The goals are to demonstrate the feasibility of all Main Linac technical components, develop engineering designs, estimate costs, explore cost reduction, and engage US industry • Civil and Site Development • Fermilab is working with the GDE and international partners to develop a matrix for comparing possible ILC sites • We also work to develop U.S. sites on or near Fermilab

  24. ILC 1.3 GHz Cavities @ FNAL • Industrial fabrication of cavities. • BCP and vertical testing at Cornell (25 MV/m) • EP and vertical testing at TJNL. ( 35 MV/m) • Joint BCP/EP facility being developed ANL (late 06) • High Power Horizontal test facility @ FNAL (ILCTA-MDB) • Vertical test facility under development @ FNAL ( IB1) • Single/large Crystal cavity development with TJNL Bead pull RF Testing @ FNAL Joint ANL/FNAL BCP/EP Facility 4 cavities received from ACCEL 4 cavities on order at AES 4 cavities expected from KEK

  25. Nb Discs LL cavity 2.3GHz Jlab: Large Grain/Single Crystal Niobium Epeak/Eacc = 2.072 Hpeak/Eacc = 3.56 mT/MV/m

  26. SLAC: Accelerator Design (RDR) • Strong efforts throughout the design effort • Electron and positron sources • Contributions to the damping rings and RMTL • Main linac design and instrumentation • Rf sources • Beam Delivery System • Civil construction and conventional facilities • Able to provide leadership for some RDR Area Sub-systems

  27. SLAC: ILC R&D Program • Broad R&D Program (cont.) • Linac rf sources • Marx generator modulator • Electron and Positron sources • NC structure, E-166, electron laser, and cathode • Damping rings • SEY studies in PEP-II Positron capturestructures 12 KV Marx Cell SEY Test Chamber for PEP-II

  28. KEK: ILC Activities Highlights

  29. KEK ATF Facility for DR and FF

  30. KEK: Main Linac RF Unit R&D Goal: Achieve Higher Gradient >40 MV/m in a new Cavity Design

  31. Summary • After the technology selection the ILC Collaboration has made considerable progress towards the design of the ILC. • The Baseline and Alternate design for each major Accelerator subsystems were defined at Snowmass 2005. • The ILC-GDE has a approved the Baseline Configuration Document. • The ILC-GDE is developing the ILC Reference Design Report, with cost estimate. It is expected to be done by the end of CY06 • The ILC R&D around the world is moving fast with focus on key Accelerator Issues.

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