Social Service Programs Across the Lifespan

1. Social Service Programs Across the Lifespan Specific social problems and related programs

2. Childhood Maltreatment:Scope • How many children are victims of maltreatment?In 2005, the CDC estimated that there were approximately 900,000 children were victims of substantiated or indicated child abuse and neglect. • How many children die each year from child abuse?Based on data reported by CPS agencies in 2005, it is estimated that nationwide, 1,500 children died as a result of abuse or neglect.

3. Child victims of abuse… • Are at risk for the development of a number of psychological disorders (e.g., PTSD, Substance Abuse, Major Depressive Disorder, Eating Disorders). • May experience severe head trauma and related physical impairments (visual, motor, and cognitive). • Are more likely to engage in abusive behaviors themselves or to be victims of other forms of abuse as adults.

4. Childhood Maltreatment: Causes • See handout (need to know). • Parental substance abuse. • Sense of community/ neighborhood cohesiveness.

5. Childhood Maltreatment: Programs • The Prenatal/Early Infancy Project (Olds et al., 1998)—NOW = Nurse-Family Partnership • General description: • Three components of the intervention:    • Results: • http://www.nursefamilypartnership.org/First-Time-Moms/Stories-from-moms/Video--Shakeena • http://www.nursefamilypartnership.org/First-Time-Moms/Stories-from-moms/Video--Stephanie When I was pregnant, I felt I didn't have anybody to lean on. I was so lucky to have a nurse like her." – Shanice, 17-year-old first-time mom

6. Adolescent: Teen Pregnancy and Early Sexual Activity. • Scope. • There was some evidence for decline, but appears to be on the rise again (National Center for Health Statistics, 2007). • Is found that sexual activity of U.S. teens not higher than in other countries, but use birth control less frequently and effectively.

7. Teen moms… • Have children with lower birth weights and higher mortality rates. • Have higher drop-out rates from high school. • Are more likely to fall below the poverty line.

8. Adolescent: Teen Pregnancy and Early Sexual Activity (cont.) • Campaign for Our Children. • A mass media campaign targeted toward children 9 to 14 to promote abstinence. • Results:

9. Adolescent: Teen Pregnancy and Early Sexual Activity (cont.) • The Carerra program. • Seven components: educational support, a career awareness job club, lifetime sports, creative expression, comprehensive medical and dental services, mental health services, and family life/sex education (The Children’s Aide Society, 2008) •  Results: • Pregnancy. • Other benefits.

10. Adolescent: Teen Pregnancy and Early Sexual Activity (cont.) • General Findings from the literature. • Fear appeals may actually increase the targeted, undesirable behavior. • Kim Witte’s Extended Parallel Process Model. • A meta-analysis of 32 teen pregnancy prevention programs.

11. Elderly: Loneliness and low perceived control • Review this section in your Mortisugu, Wong, & Duffy text.

12. Homelessness • Scope. • Problems estimating.

13. Homelessness • Who and how many? • 3.5 women, men, and children (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2007).

14. Homelessness • Who and how many? • 3.5 women, men, and children (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2007). • 38% report problems with substance abuse. • 16% have a diagnosable mental illness. • 40% are children. • 23% are families. • 50% of homeless women and children are victims of domestic violence. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5TML09XtPKc

15. Homelessness • Subtypes based on stressful life experiences • Zugzaga, 2004 and Munoz et al., 2005 studies = 3 subtypes. • PTSD (Kim & Ford, 2006).

16. Homelessness • Causes • Individual = • Systemic =