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Requirement Enginering

Requirement Enginering. Firdaus , M.T. TIK. Mahasiswa dapat : Memahami metode requirement dalam merencanakan sistem. Bagian yang tersulit dari pembuatan sotftware adalah memutuskan apa yang akan di buat [Fred Brooks] .

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Requirement Enginering

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  1. Requirement Enginering Firdaus, M.T.

  2. TIK Mahasiswadapat : • Memahamimetode requirement dalammerencanakansistem

  3. Bagian yang tersulitdaripembuatansotftwareadalahmemutuskanapa yang akandibuat [Fred Brooks]

  4. Antara 40% - 60% darikegagalandankerusakan software disebabkankarenalemahnyamanajemen software danmendifinisikanpermintaan

  5. Salahsatuisuterbesaradalahwaktu yang dimilikiuntukmenuliskan requirement. Terkadangketika deadline waktusangatsempit, developer software mungkinmemulaisebelum requirement dilengkapi, daniniakanmenyebakanbanyakmasalahdikemudianhari

  6. Requirement Engineering menyediakanmekanisme yang tepatuntukmemahami yang diinginkanpengguna, analisakebutuhan, menaksirkemungkinan, negosiasisolusi yang layak, menspesifikasikansolusi yang tidakambigu, memvalidasispesifikasi, memenej requirement.

  7. TehnikInvestigasi Requirement • Interview  bertanyalangungkepada user • Workshop  Diskusi forum • Observasi  Melihatlangsungkelapangan

  8. Tugas Requirement Enginering

  9. Inception (Pendahuluan) • Padatahapini, perekayasasisteminformasimenanyakanpertanyaanbebas. • Menetapkanpermasalahandasardarimasalah • Menentukanorang yang menginginkansolusi • MenentukanSifatdasarsolusi yang diinginkan • Keefektifankomunikasidankolaborasipendahuluanantarapelanggandanpengembang

  10. Elicitation (Pemunculan) • Bagaimanasistem/produksesuaidengankebutuhanbisnis • Bagaimanasistemdigunakan • Permasalahan elicitation • Permasalahan scope • PermasalahanPengertian

  11. Elaboration • Informasi yang diperolehdarikonsumen/penggunaselamaproses inception dan elicitation diperluasdandisharingselamaelaborasi • Elaborasiadalahtahapanawalanalisa model • Hasil : informasi, fungsidankebiasaan

  12. Negotiation • Negosiasikonflik • Scope kerja • Prioritas • Pengukurankepuasan • Bagaimanamengerjakanini? • Definisikanprioritas!

  13. Specification • Spesifikasiadalahproduk final dari requirement • Spesifikasidapatberupa: • Dokumentulisan Written document • Model grafis Graphical model • Model matematika Math model • Koleksiskenariopenggunaan • Prototype

  14. Validation • Validasi requirement mengujispesifikasiuntukmenjaminbahwa requirement software telahdipertimbangkan • Mekanismevalidasirequiremenadalahdengan me-review teknis formal

  15. Step by Step Process 1. Inception 2. Elicitation 3. Elaboration Requirement Management 4. Negotiation 5. Specification 6. Validation

  16. Proses Requirement Engineering a. Identifikasi Stakeholder • Stakeholder adalahsiapapun yang memperolehkeuntungandarisistem yang dikembangkan, sepertimanajerbisnisoperasi, manajerproduk, pelanggan, dll • Setiap stakeholder memilikiperbedaanpandanganterhadapsistemdanmemilikikeuntungan yang berbeda • Padatahap inception, perekayasasistemharusmembuatdaftar stakeholder

  17. Proses Requirement Engineering b. menghargaiberagamsudutpandang • Setiap stakeholder akanmengeksplorberagamsudutpandang • Requirement yang munculmungkinmenjaditidakkonsistenataumungkinbertentangansatudengan yang lainnya. • Tugasseorangperekayasaadalahmengkategorikanseluruhinformasidaristakeholer, termasukketidakkonsistenandanpertentangan

  18. Proses Requirement Engineering c.BekerjaMenujuKolaborasi • The job of requirement engineer is to identify areas of commonality and area of conflict or inconsistent. • In many cases, stakeholders collaborate to make final decision about which requirements make the cut.

  19. Proses Requirement Engineering d. Asking the First Questions (1 of 3) To know, who will have interest in the software to be built? • Who is behind the request for this work? • Who will use the solution? • What will be the economic benefit of a successful solution? • Is there another source for the solution that you need?

  20. Proses Requirement Engineering e. Asking the First Questions (2 of 3) • To gain a better understanding • How would you characterize “good” output that would be generated by a successful solution? • What problems will this solution address? • Can you show me the business environment in which the solution be used?

  21. Proses Requirement Engineering f. Asking the First Questions (3 of 3) To know the effectiveness of the communication activity itself • Are you the right person to answer these question? • Are your answer official? • Are my question relevant to the problem that you have?

  22. Step by Step Process 1. Inception 2. Elicitation 3. Elaboration Requirement Management 4. Negotiation 5. Specification 6. Validation

  23. Proses Requirement Engineering a. Eliciting Requirements • QFD (Quality Function Deployment) is a technique that translates the needs of the customer into technical requirements for software. • Three types of QFD requirement • Normal requirements • Expected requirements (ex: HMI) • Exciting requirements

  24. Proses Requirement Engineering b. Eliciting Requirements

  25. Proses Requirement Engineering c. Developing Use-Cases (1) • Who is the primary actor(s), the secondary actor(s)? • What are the actor’s goals? • What preconditions should exist before the story begins? • What main tasks of functions are performed by the actor? • What expectations might be considered as the story is described? • What variation in the actor’s interaction are possible? • What ……………….. [refer to chapter 7 …]

  26. Proses Requirement Engineering d. Developing Use-Cases (2) • In this case, there are three actors: homeowner, configuration manager, sensors and monitoring sub system (sensors).

  27. Proses Requirement Engineering e. Developing Use-Cases (3)

  28. Proses Requirement Engineering e. Developing Use-Cases (3) System Boundary Use Case Actor Actor Use Case Use Case Actor Use Case Use Case

  29. Step by Step Process 1. Inception 2. Elicitation 3. Elaboration Requirement Management 4. Negotiation 5. Specification 6. Validation

  30. Proses Requirement Engineering a. Building ‘early’ Analysis Model Class name Class attribu-tes Class methods UML Class Diagram UML State Diagram

  31. Step by Step Process 1. Inception 2. Elicitation 3. Elaboration Requirement Management 4. Negotiation 5. Specification 6. Validation

  32. Proses Requirement Engineering 7. Negotiating Requirements • It is natural, the developer and customer enter into process of negotiation • The best negotiation strive for a “win-win” result

  33. Step by Step Process 1. Inception 2. Elicitation 3. Elaboration Requirement Management 4. Negotiation 5. Specification 6. Validation

  34. Proses Requirement Engineering a. Validating Requirement • Is each requirement consistent with overall objective for the system/product? • Have all requirements been specified at the proper level of abstraction? • Is the requirement really necessary or does it represent an add-on feature that may not be essential to the objective of the system? • ……….. [refer to chapter 7, page 203-204]

  35. Final Results • The hardest single part of building a software is deciding what to build …. • Requirement Engineering Steps: (1) Inception, (2) Elicitation, (3) Elaboration, (4) Negotiation, (5) Specification, and (6) Validation • Requirement engineering should be supported by Requirement Management • Unsolved problem in requirement engineering will cause problem in next engineering process, and will be very costly

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