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Hadron Production Measurements

Hadron Production Measurements. presented by Giles Barr, Oxford ICRR-Kashiwa December 2004. Hadron production needed for understanding . Neutrino beams spectrum, composition. Neutrino Factories optimisation of pion collection. Extensive Air Showers

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Hadron Production Measurements

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  1. Hadron Production Measurements presented by Giles Barr, Oxford ICRR-Kashiwa December 2004

  2. Hadron production needed for understanding ... Neutrino beams spectrum, composition Neutrino Factories optimisation of pion collection Extensive Air Showers muon component, energy determination

  3. Primary cosmic ray π N N π K ν μ Atmospheric Neutrinos

  4. Outline Section 1: Introduction Section 2: NA49 • Experiment • Data taking • Errors and corrections Section 3: Other experiments • HARP • E910,MIPP

  5. Summary of measurements available 10 Boxes show importance of phase space region for contained atmospheric neutrino events. Daughter energy 1 TeV 100 10 1 GeV 1 GeV 10 100 1 TeV 10 Parent energy

  6. 10 SPY Atherton et. al. Daughter energy Barton et. al. 1 TeV Serpukov Allaby et. al. Eichten et. al. 100 Cho et. al. Abbott et. al. 10 1 GeV 1 GeV 10 100 1 TeV Parent energy Existing measurements Boxes show importance of phase space region for contained atmospheric neutrino events. Existing measurements. 10

  7. 10 Daughter energy 1 TeV 100 10 1 GeV 1 GeV 10 100 1 TeV 10 Parent energy PT range covered Boxes show importance of phase space region for contained atmospheric neutrino events. SPY Atherton et. al. Barton et. al. Serpukov Allaby et. al. Eichten et. al. Cho et. al. Abbott et. al. Measurements. 1-2 pT points 3-5 pT points >5 pT points

  8. 10 Daughter energy 1 TeV 100 10 1 GeV 1 GeV 10 100 1 TeV 10 Parent energy New measurements Boxes show importance of phase space region for contained atmospheric neutrino events. MIPP NA49 HARP New measurements.

  9. Another view (MINOS)... Atherton 400 GeV Be Barton 100 GeV C Spy 450 GeV Be Plot courtesy of M. Messier

  10. NA20 (Atherton et al.), CERN-SPS (1980) • H2 beam line in the SPS north-area • Secondary energy scan: 60,120,200,300 GeV • Overall quoted errors • Absolute rates: ~15% • Ratios: ~5%

  11. Needs... • Pion and kaon production • Projectile: p, He, π, K etc. • Very large range of primary energies [2 GeV,>1 TeV] • Target: Air nuclei (nearby isoscalar nuclei acceptable) • Full phase space coverage • pT distribution not interesting • Full coverage of pT important Importance of kaons at high energy (Thanks to S. Robbins for plot)

  12. NA49

  13. NA49 experimental layout Vertex TPCs Main TPCs Target S4 counter Gap TPC

  14. NA49 originally designed for Lead-Lead collisions. • Also used for pp and pA collision physics

  15. NA49 Proton-Carbon run • ‘P322 group’ consisting of some atmospheric neutrino flux calculators, HARP experimentalists and MINOS experimentalists formed collaboration with NA49 and proposed a series of measurements. • Received a 1 week test run with a carbon target. • It took place in June 2002. • 158 GeV run, 500k triggers. • 100 GeV run, 160k triggers. • 1% interaction length carbon target. • Proton selected beam (using Cerenkov). • TPCs, HCAL, CD, no TOF. • Immediately preceeding run was an NA49 proton-proton run, using a liquid hydrogen target.

  16. Beam line • Cerenkov CEDAR counters • Beam chambers • Trigger S1-S3 • S4 veto

  17. Main TPC Left Vertex TPC 1 B=1.7T Vertex TPC 2 B=1.7T Gap TPC Main TPC Right

  18. Particle ID NA49 dE/dx plots dE/dx plot for positives P (GeV)

  19. Particle ID NA49 dE/dx fits

  20. Bins Technique: Follow closely the analysis of p-p data xF and pT bins Some corrections are identical Pion analysis

  21. Analysis: • Get pion yields for proton-proton, • followed by pion yields for proton-carbon • Later, do kaons, antiprotons. • Pion extraction straightforward • shifts and resolution easy to determine • Above xF = 0.5, dE/dx information not available near gap. We do have the track distributions. • Particular region at low xF where π and p dE/dx curves overlap. Use reflection in p-p. • Almost no information at negative xF

  22. Corrections and errors on pion yields

  23. Pions for proton-proton available shortly. Pions for proton-carbon follow rapidly after this. Some atmospheric specific changes can be made Use XLAB Feed down required ? Kaon yields is next priority Extraction not too bad in positives – NK not strongly correlated to K-peak position. Challenge at high xF in negatives. Prospects

  24. HARP

  25. The Harp detector: Large Acceptance, PID Capabilities , Redundancy Threshold gas Cherenkov: p identification at large Pl TOF: p identification in the low Pl and low Pt region Drift Chambers: Tracking and low Pt spectrometer EM filter (beam muon ID and normalization) Target-Trigger 0.7T solenoidal coil Drift Chambers: Tracking TPC, momentum and PID (dE/dX) at large Pt 1.5 T dipole spectrometer

  26. HARP Experiment • Beam 3-15 GeV protons, CERN PS • Collected data 2001, 2002 • Secondary hadron yields • Beam momenta • As a function of momentum and angle of daughter particles • For different daughter particles • As close as possible to full acceptance • The aim is to provide measurements with few % overall precision •  efficiencies must be kept under control, down to the level of 1% • primarily trough the use of redundancy from one detector to another • Thin, thick and cryogenic targets LH2, LD2, LO2 LN2 Be, C, Al, Cu, Tn, Sn, Pb • T9 secondary beam line on the CERN PS allows a 215 GeV energy range • O(106) events per setting • A setting is defined by a combination of target type and material, beam energy and polarity • Fast readout • Aim at ˜103 events/PS spill, one spill=400ms. Event rate ˜ 2.5KHz • Corresponds to some 106 events/day •  Very demanding (unprecedented!) for the TPC.

  27. Beam Particle Identification p Beam Time Of Flight (TOF): separate p/K/p at low energy over 21m flight distance • time resolution 170 ps after TDC and ADC equalization • proton selection purity >98.7% p 3.0 GeV/c beam K d 12.9 GeV/c (K2K) Beam p/d p Beam Cherenkov: Identify electrons at low energy, p at high energy, K above 12 GeV • ~100% eff. in e-p tagging K Cherenkov ADC

  28. Forward PID: TOF Wall Separate p/p (K/p) at low momenta (0–4.5 GeV/c) • 42 slabs of fast scintillator read at both ends by PMTs TOF time resolution ~160 ps 3s separation:p/p up to 4.5 GeV/c K/p up to 2.4 GeV/c  7s separation of p/p at 3 GeV/c 3 GeV beam particles PMT data p Scintillator p

  29. Pion yield: K2K thin target 5%l Al target (20mm) Use K2K thin target (5%l) • To study primary p-Al interaction • To avoid absorption / secondary interactions K2K replica (650mm) p > 0.2 GeV/c |y | < 50 mrad 25 < |x| < 200 mrad Raw data 2 4 6 8 10 -200 -100 0 100 200 0 qx(mrad) P(GeV/c) p-e/p misidentification background

  30. Y. Fisyak Brookhaven National Laboratory R. Winston EFI, University of Chicago M.Austin,R.J.Peterson University of Colorado, Boulder, E.Swallow Elmhurst College and EFI W.Baker,D.Carey,J.Hylen, C.Johnstone,M.Kostin, H.Meyer, N.Mokhov, A.Para, R.Raja,S. Striganov Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory G. Feldman, A.Lebedev, S.Seun Harvard University P.Hanlet, O.Kamaev,D.Kaplan, H.Rubin,N.Solomey, C.White Illinois Institute of Technology U.Akgun,G.Aydin,F.Duru,Y.Gunyadin,Y.Onel, A.Penzo University of Iowa N.Graf, M. Messier,J.Paley Indiana University P.D.BarnesJr.,E.Hartouni,M.Heffner,D.Lange,R.Soltz, D.Wright Lawrence Livermore Laboratory R.L.Abrams,H.R.Gustafson,M.Longo, H-K.Park, D.Rajaram University of Michigan A.Bujak, L.Gutay,D.E.Miller Purdue University T.Bergfeld,A.Godley,S.R.Mishra,C.Rosenfeld,K.Wu University of South Carolina C.Dukes, H.Lane,L.C.Lu,C.Maternick,K.Nelson,A.Norman University of Virginia ~50 people, 11 graduates students, 11 postdocs.

  31. Particle Physics-To acquire unbiased high statistics data with complete particle id coverage for hadron interactions. Study non-perturbative QCD hadron dynamics, scaling laws of particle production Investigate light meson spectroscopy, pentaquarks, glueballs Nuclear Physics Investigate strangeness production in nuclei- RHIC connection Nuclear scaling Propagation of flavor through nuclei Netrinos related Measurements Atmospheric neutrinos – Cross sections of protons and pions on Nitrogen from 5 GeV- 120 GeV (5,15,25,5070,90) GeV Improve shower models in MARS, Geant4 Make measurements of production of pions for neutrino factory/muon collider targets MINOS target measurements – pion production measurements to control the near/far systematics Complementary with HARP at CERN MIPP :Physics Program

  32. E910 • Note added after end of talk: • The nw BNL measurements with the E910 experiment have been reported by J. Link at NuFact 2004 in WG2

  33. Summary HARP 3-15 GeV at CERN PS MIPP 5-120 GeV at FNAL MI NA49 100,160 GeV at SPS

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