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Thiamine in Camels: Deficiency, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Discover the importance of vitamin B1 (thiamine) in camels, its chemical properties, sources, and interactions. Learn about thiamine deficiency diseases like Polioencephalomalacia and explore its diagnosis methods, treatment options, and prevention strategies. Dive into the world of racing camels and explore the significance of thiamine for their performance, with recommendations for optimal use and maintenance.

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Thiamine in Camels: Deficiency, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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  1. Vitamin B1 in Camels

  2. Vitamin B1 (thiamine)(Aneurin) • Chemical properties. • Where can we found it? • Vitamin B1 & chemical interaction. • Thiamine pathway inside the camel. • Thiamine derivatives (TMP)(TDP)(ATDP)(TTP)(ATTP)(free Thiamine). • Methods of thiamine analysis.

  3. Importance of thiamine • Metabolism of carbohydrates & proteins and fats. • ATP production. • Myelin sheath production. • Anti-stress. • Electrolyte balance. • Life spam of RBCs. • Pregnant camel.

  4. Vitamin B1 deficiency in camelPolioEnchephaloMalacia (PEM) • Origin of the name • Deficiency depend on (purpose of breading & age & sex & type of production).

  5. Average thiamine in camel blood

  6. Average thiamine in blood of camel (39 ± 11.5 µg/L). Minimum average of thiamine in blood of camel that clinical signs of PEM appear below it (20 ± 10.4 µg/L).

  7. Polioencephalomalacia • Definition. • Predisposing causes. Impaction Toxic plants Sulphur NSAIDs Lead toxicity thapendazole Antibiotic milk Amprolium stress Purgatives magnesium Selenium toxicity B.cereus

  8. Geographical distributions. • Susceptible camels. • Morbidity and mortality percent. • Pathogeneses.

  9. Wry neck disease

  10. Polioencephalomalacia in young camel

  11. PM signs. • Diagnosis: 1- case history. 2- clinical signs. 3- differential diagnosis. 4- laboratory diagnosis.

  12. Laboratory diagnosis • Hematology (WBCs & Neutrophile). • Biochemistry(Liver enzymes & Mg). • Water and food analysis (Sulphur). • B1 analysis: 1- Erythrocyte Transketolase Activation Assay (ETAA). 2- High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

  13. Treatment • Primary: 1- vitamin B1 injection. 2- corticosteroid injection. 3- B complex injection. 4- maintenance by vitamin B1 powder with magnesium. • Secondary: 1- antacid. 2- fluid thereby. 3- antibiotic. 4- purgatives. 5- stop using water containing high sulphur. 6- stop using medicines causing B1 deficiency.

  14. Prevention • Nutrition correction. • Not using antibiotic that kill the rumen flora. • Not using NSAIDs for long time. • Amprolium, thiapendazole, sulphur, lead,selenium. • Water sources. • Poisonous plants. • Bacillus vaccination (R/Neobacter). • Periodical laboratory tests.

  15. Racing camel • Importance of vitamin B1 for racing camel. • Uses. • Research for B1 analysis in racing camel in Dubai.

  16. Racing camel recommendations • Perminant source of oral B1 (R/Karma – R/ Ultra B1). • Periodical B1 injection. • Periodical B1 laboratory test. • Using by low concentration before racing. • Using of bicarbonate salts. • Average B1 in blood by (HPLC) = (56 ± 12 µg/L) • Average border line for B1 deficiency by (HPLC) = (21 ± 10.4 µg/L).

  17. Thank you Dr.MedhatElshemy

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