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Chapter 3 An Overview of Personal Computers

Chapter 3 An Overview of Personal Computers. ------ 个人计算机概述. Terms and New Words digital adj. 数字的 , 数位的 , 手指的 n. 数字 , 数字式 semiconductor n.[ 物 ] 半导体 oriented adj. 导向的 vt. 为 ….. 定方向 individual n. 个人 , 个体 adj. 个别的 , 单独的 , 个人的

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Chapter 3 An Overview of Personal Computers

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  1. Chapter 3 An Overview of Personal Computers ------个人计算机概述

  2. Terms and New Words digital adj.数字的, 数位的, 手指的 n.数字, 数字式 semiconductor n.[物] 半导体 oriented adj.导向的 vt. 为…..定方向 individual n.个人, 个体 adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的 MIT abbr.Massachusettes Institute of Technology (美国)麻省理工学院

  3. pre-assemble 装 mass-produced 匹量产品和大量生产的 mainframe n.[计]主机 大型机 boost v.推进 call up v.召唤, 使想起, 提出, 打电话给 pull-down menus 下拉菜单 standardize vt.使符合标准, 使标准化 manufacture vt.制造, 加工 n.制造, 制造业, 产品

  4. lay out v.摆开, 展示, 布置, 安排, 投资 laptop computer 膝上型电脑 diversify v.使多样化, 作多样性的投资 ever-expanding 使不断发展的

  5. A personal computer, or PC, is a type of microcomputer designed for use by only one person at a time. Generally, a PC is a small digital computer constructed around a microprocessor , which is a semiconductor chip that contains all the arithmetic , logic , and control circuitry needed to perform the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU). 个人计算机简称PC机,是一种专为个人用户设计的微型计算机,一次只能由一个人使用。 一般来说,PC机是一种以微处理器为中心构建起来的数字计算机;微处理器本身是一块半导体芯片,包含了各种算术、逻辑、控制电路,用以实现中央处理单元(CPU)的各项功能。

  6. construct: vt.建造, 构造, 创立 microprocessor: n.[计]微处理器 arithmetic: n.算术, 算法 logic: n.逻辑, 逻辑学, 逻辑性 circuitry: n.电路, 线路 perform: vt.履行, 执行, 表演, 演出; v.完成任务 function: n.官能, 功能, 作用, 职责, 典礼, 仪式, [数]函数; vi.(器官等)活动, 运行, 行使职责

  7. A typical personal computer system consists of a central processing unit, also called a microprocessor; primary or internal memory; various input/output devices, including a display screen, keyboard, mouse, modem, and printer; and secondary or external memory, usually in the form of hard disks, floppy disks or CD-ROMs. 典型的PC机包括中央处理单元,也称为微处理器;主存, 又叫作内存;各种输入输出设备,如显示器、键盘、鼠标、调制解调器、打印机等;还有辅助存贮器,又称为外存,如硬盘、软盘、光盘等。

  8. consist of: v.由...组成 primary: adj.第一位的, 主要的, 初步的, 初级的, 原来的, 根源的 various: adj.不同的, 各种各样的, 多方面的, 多样的 display screen: 显示屏 keyboard: n.[计] 键盘 mouse: n.鼠, 耗子; v.搜寻 modem: n.[计]调制解调器; n.调制解调器 printer: n.印刷工, 打印机

  9. Personal computers generally are low-cost machines that can perform most of the functions of larger computers but use software oriented toward easy, single-userapplications . PC机一般价位都比较低,具备较高档计算机的大多数功能,但所用的软件是面向单用户环境的,简单易学。 low-cost: adj.价格便宜的 , 廉价的 single-user:单用户 application:n.请求, 申请, 申请表, 应用, 运用, 施用, 敷用;应用,应用程序,应用软件

  10. Computers that are small and inexpensive enough to be purchased by individuals for home uses first became feasible in the 1970s, when large-scale integration technology made it possible to construct a sufficientlypowerful microprocessor on a single semiconductor chip. 七十年代(十九世纪)大规模集成电路技术(迅速发展起来),在一块半导体芯片上构造功能强大的微处理器已成为可能;因此,适宜于个人购买供家庭使用的、小巧廉价的计算机才首次成为现实。 inexpensive: adj.便宜的, 不贵重的 purchase: vt.买, 购买; n.买, 购买 feasible: adj.可行的, 切实可行的 sufficiently: adv.十分地, 充分地 powerful: adj.强大的, 有力的

  11. A small firm named MITS made the first personal computer, the Altar .This computer, which used the IntelCorporation's 8080 microprocessor, was developed in 1974. 一家名为MITS的小公司研制出了第一台个人计算机,定名为Altar。 1974年,这种计算机使用了Intel 公司生产的8080微处理器。 firm: n.公司, (合伙)商号; adj.结实的, 坚硬的, 坚定的, 坚固的, 牢固的, 稳固的, 严格的; vt.使牢固, 使坚定; vi.变稳固, 变坚实; adv.稳固地, 坚定地 Intel: n.美国英特尔公司,以生产CPU芯片著称 Corporation: n.[律]社团, 法人, 公司, 企业, <美>有限公司, (市, 镇的)自治机关 develop: v. 发展, 揭露

  12. Though the Altar was popular among computer hobbyists, its commercialappeal was limited,since purchasers had to assemble the machine from a kit. 尽管Altar计算机很受计算机爱好者的青睐,其市场吸引力却十分有限。因为这种计算机须由顾客自己用套件组装。 popular adj.通俗的, 流行的, 受欢迎的 hobbyist n.沉溺于某种癖好者,嗜某爱好成癖的人 commercial adj.商业的, 贸易的 appeal n.请求, 呼吁, 上诉, 吸引力 purchaser n.买方, 购买者 assemble vt.集合, 聚集, 装配 vi.集合 kit n.成套工具, 用具包, 工具箱, 成套用具

  13. The personal compute industry truly began in 1977, when Apple Computer Inc.,founded by Steven P.Jobs and Stephen G.wooziness ,introduced the Apple 2, one of the first pre-assembled,mass-produced personal computer. 真正意义上的个人计算机始于1977年,当时Apple计算机公司(该公司是由Steven P.Jobs和Stephen G.wooziness创建的)推出了Apple 2 计算机,这是第一次批量生产的个人计算机整机(预装好的)。 industry n.工业, 产业, 行业, 勤奋 found v.建立, 创立, 创办, 使有根据, 铸造, 熔制 introduce vt.介绍, 传入, 引进, 提出 assembled vbl.装配,组合

  14. Radio shack and Commodore Business Machines also introduced personal computers that year. Radio shack 及Commodore Business Machines 公司也于同年推出了自己的个人计算机。 introduce vt.介绍, 传入, 引进, 提出

  15. These machines used 8-bit microprocessors,which process information in groups of 8 bits,or binary digits, at a time,and possessed rather limited memory capacity, which refers to the ability to address a given quantity of data held in memory. 这些机器均使用8位的微处理器,一次可以处理若干8位(即二进制位)信息组,存储能力也非常有限。也就是说,对于内存中一定量的数据,其存储能力很有限。 binary adj.二进位的, 二元的 possess vt.占有, 拥有, 持有, 摆布, 支配 quantity n.量, 数量

  16. But because personal computers were much less expensive than mainframes,they could be purchased by individuals,small and medium sized businesses,and primary and secondary schools. 不过,个人计算机比大型计算机价格低得多,个人、中小企业、中小学校都可以购置。 expensive adj.花费的, 昂贵的 purchase vt.买, 购买 n.买, 购买 individual n.个人, 个体 adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的 primary adj.第一位的, 主要的, 初步的, 初级的, 原来的, 根源的 secondary adj.次要的, 二级的, 中级的, 第二的

  17. The Apple 2 received a great boost in popularity when it became the host machine for VisiCale,the first electronic spreadsheet (computerizedaccounting program). 因此,当Apple2计算机成为第一个电子表格软件(计算机化的账目管理程序,即会计电算化软件)VisiCale的硬件平台(即宿主机)后,名声大振。 boost v.推进 popularity n.普及, 流行, 声望 spreadsheet n.[计] 电子制表软件, 电子数据表 host n.主机,主人,旅馆招待 vt.当主人招待 computerize vt.用计算机处理, 使计算机化 accounting n.会计学, 清算帐目

  18. Other types of application software were soon developed for personal computers. 不久,适用于个人计算机的其他各种应用软件相继问世。 application n.请求, 申请, 申请表, 应用, 运用, 施用, 敷用 ,应用,应用程序,应用软件 develop vt.发展, 发达, 发扬, 进步, 逐步展开(情节,音乐主题,方程式等)洗印, 显影 vi.发展, 生长, 发育, 逐步显示出来

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