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Internet Technologies • XML Messaging • A PowerWarning application using servlets and SAX The PowerWarning Application is from “XML and Java” by Maruyama, Tamura, and Uramoto, Addison-Wesley. Internet Technologies

XML Messaging Part I The PowerWarning application allows users to register their geographical position and their temperature concerns. Users will receive e-mail when the temperature exceeds the user specified parameters. This example is from “XML and Java” by Maruyama, Tamura, and Uramoto, Addison-Wesley. The web container is called Jigsaw from the W3C. Internet Technologies

Suppose that we know that the weather information is available from the web at http://www.xweather.com/White_Plains_NY_US.html. [1] <html> [2] <head> [3] <title>Weather Report</title> [4] </head> [5] <body> [6] <h2>Weather Report -- White Plains, NY </h2> [7] <table border=1> [8] <tr><td>Date/Time</td><td align=center>11 AM EDT Sat Jul 25 1998</td></tr> [9] <tr><td>Current Tem.</td><td align=center>70°</td></tr> [10] <tr><td>Today’s High</td><td align=center>82°</td></tr> [11] <tr><td>Today’s Low</td><td align=center>62°</td><tr> [12] </table> [13] </body> [14] </html> Internet Technologies

Strategy 1: • For the current temperature of White Plains, go to line 9, • column 46 of the page and continue until reaching the next • ampersand. • Strategy 2: • For the current temperature of the White Plains, go to the • first <table> tag, then go to the second <tr> tag within the • table, and then go to the second <tg> tag within the row. Neither of these seems very appealing… Internet Technologies

<?xml version=“1.0”?> <!DOCTYPE WeatherReport SYSTEM “http>//www.xweather.com/WeatherReport.dtd”> <WeatherReport> <City>White Plains</City> <State>NY</State> <Date>Sat Jul 25 1998</Date> <Time>11 AM EDT</Time> <CurrTemp unit=“Farenheit”>70</CurrTemp> <High unit=“Farenheit”>82</High> <Low unit=“Farenheit”>62</Low> </Weather Report> XML would help Internet Technologies

Strategy 3: • For the current temperature of White Plains, N.Y., go • to the <CurrTemp> tag. Internet Technologies

WeatherReport application Mobile users XSLT WML HTML XML PC users Http://www.xweather.com PowerWarning application XML Email notifications Registrations Application programs XML Internet Technologies

The XML Describing the Weather <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <WeatherReport> <City>Pittsburgh</City> <State>PA</State> <Date>Wed. April 11, 2001</Date> <Time>3</Time> <CurrTemp Unit = "Farenheit">70</CurrTemp> <High Unit = "Farenheit">82</High> <Low Unit = "Farenheit">62</Low> </WeatherReport> This file is behind Jigsaw in the file Www/weather/ weather.xml. Perhaps this is being served up by www.xweather.com for ½ cents per hit. Internet Technologies

Serving the weather // This servlet file is stored in Www/Jigsaw/servlet/GetWeather.java // This servlet returns a user selected xml weather file from // the Www/weather directory and returns it to the client. import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; public class GetWeather extends HttpServlet { This data would not normally be retrieved from a file. Internet Technologies

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException { String theData = ""; /* For simplicity we get the user’s request from the path. */ String extraPath = req.getPathInfo(); extraPath = extraPath.substring(1); // read the file try { // open file and create a DataInputStream FileInputStream theFile = new FileInputStream("c:\\Jigsaw\\Jigsaw\\”+ “Jigsaw\\Www\\weather\\"+extraPath); Internet Technologies

InputStreamReader is = new InputStreamReader(theFile); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(is); // read the file into the string theData String thisLine; while((thisLine = br.readLine()) != null) { theData += thisLine + "\n"; } } catch(Exception e) { System.err.println("Error " + e); } PrintWriter out = res.getWriter(); out.write(theData); System.out.println("Wrote document to client"); out.close(); } } Internet Technologies

WeatherReport application Mobile users XSLT WML HTML XML PC users Http://www.xweather.com PowerWarning application XML Email notifications Registrations Application programs XML Internet Technologies

Registrations (HTML)  <html> <head> <title>PowerWarning</title> </head> <body> <form method="post" action="/servlet/PowerWarn"> E-Mail <input type="text" name = "User"> <p> State <input type="text" name = "State"> <p> City <input type="text" name = "City"> <p> Temperature <input type="text" name = "Temperature"> <p> Duration <input type="text" name = "Duration"> <p> <input type = "submit"> </form> </body> </html> Internet Technologies

Registrations (Servlet) The servlet will create a watcher object for each registered user. The watcher object will be told of each user’s location and temperature requirements. Each watcher object will run in its own thread and may or may not notify its assigned user by email. On servlet initialization, we will start up an object whose responsibility it is to periodically wake up and tell the watcher objects to check the weather. Internet Technologies

Registrations (Servlet) /* This servlet is called by an HTML form. The form passes the user email, state, city, temperature and duration. */ import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; public class PowerWarn extends HttpServlet { Internet Technologies

static Hashtable userTable; /* Holds (email,watcher) pairs */ public void init(ServletConfig conf) throws ServletException { super.init(conf); PowerWarn.userTable = new Hashtable(); Scheduler scheduler = new Scheduler(); scheduler.start(); /* Run the scheduler */ } /* The scheduler can see the hash table. It has package access. */ Internet Technologies

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException { /* Collect data from the HTML form */ String par_user = req.getParameter("User"); String par_state = req.getParameter("State"); String par_city = req.getParameter("City"); int par_temp = Integer.parseInt( req.getParameter("Temperature")); int par_duration = Integer.parseInt( req.getParameter("Duration")); Internet Technologies

/* Assign a watcher to this user. */ Watcher watcher = new Watcher(par_user, par_state, par_city, par_temp, par_duration); /* Place the (email,watcher) pair in the hash table. */ PowerWarn.userTable.put(par_user, watcher); res.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter writer = res.getWriter(); writer.print("<html><head></head><body><b>” + “You'll be notified by email</b></body></html>"); writer.close(); } } Internet Technologies

Servlet Http Request PowerWarn.userTable Watcher mm6@andrew.cmu.edu User data Email Http Request Watcher User data Email w@whitehouse.gov Scheduler Internet Technologies

The Scheduler import java.util.Enumeration; public class Scheduler extends Thread { public void run() { System.out.println("Running scheduler"); while(true) { Enumeration en = PowerWarn.userTable.elements(); while(en.hasMoreElements()) { Watcher wa = (Watcher)en.nextElement(); new Thread(wa).start(); } Internet Technologies

try { /* put this thread to sleep for 15 seconds */ Thread.sleep(1000 * 15); } catch(InterruptedException ie) { // ignore } } /* end while */ } public Scheduler() { super(); } } Fifteen seconds for testing. Internet Technologies

The Watcher Class The Watcher objects make HTTP requests to get XML. How should we handle the XML? SAX or DOM? SAX. How do we send email? JavaMail. Internet Technologies

import org.xml.sax.*; import org.xml.sax.helpers.ParserFactory; import java.io.*; import java.net.*; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; Internet Technologies

public class Watcher extends HandlerBase implements Runnable { String user, state, city; int temp, duration, overTemp; public Watcher(String user, String state, String city, int temp, int duration) { super(); this.user = user; this.state = state; this.city = city; this.temp = temp; this.duration = duration; this.overTemp = 0; } Internet Technologies

public void run() { // called by scheduler System.out.println("Running watcher"); /* Set up to call the weather service. */ String weatheruri = “http://mccarthy.heinz.cmu.edu:8001/servlet/GetWeather”+ “/weather.xml"; /* For simplicity we won’t take the appropriate approach. */ /* String weatheruri = "http://mccarthy.heinz.cmu.edu:8001/servlet/GetWeather/?city=" + URLEncoder.encode(this.city); */ /* Create an InputSource object for the parser to use. */ InputSource is = new InputSource(weatheruri); Internet Technologies

try { /* Set up to handle incoming XML */ SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); factory.setValidating(true); SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser(); parser.parse(is, this); /* The parser makes the calls. */ } catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return; } /* The parsing and callbacks are done by this time. */ int currentTempNumber; try { currentTempNumber = Integer.parseInt(this.currentTemp.trim()); } catch( NumberFormatException e) {e.printStackTrace(); return; } Internet Technologies

/* See if the user wants to be alerted. */ if(currentTempNumber > this.temp) { this.overTemp++; if(this.overTemp >= this.duration) { warning(); } } else { this.overTemp = 0; } } /* Send email via JavaMail. The Mailer class is based on the JavaMail API. */ public void warning() { System.out.println("Sending email"); Mailer mailman = new Mailer(this.user, "mm6@andrew.cmu.edu", "It's hot"); mailman.send(); } Internet Technologies

/* Handle SAX events. */ StringBuffer buffer; String currentTemp; public void startDocument() throws SAXException { this.currentTemp = null; } public void startElement(String name, AttributeList aMap) throws SAXException { if(name.equals("CurrTemp")) { /* Prepare for next event. */ this.buffer = new StringBuffer(); } } Internet Technologies

public void endElement(String name) throws SAXException { if(name.equals("CurrTemp")) { this.currentTemp = this.buffer.toString(); this.buffer = null; } } public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException { if(this.buffer != null) this.buffer.append(ch,start,length); } } Internet Technologies

WeatherReport application Mobile users WML HTML XML PC users Http://www.xweather.com PowerWarning application XML Email notifications Registrations Application programs XML Internet Technologies

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