Unit 2 What's Your Kind of Tourism?

1. Unit 2 What's Your Kind of Tourism?

2. Skills focus • Reading • using research questions to focus on relevant information in a text • using topic sentences to get an overview of the text • Writing • writing topic sentences • summarizing a text • Vocabulary focus • English–English dictionaries: • headwords • definitions • parts of speech • phonemes • stress markers • countable/uncountable • transitive/intransitive

4. Vocabulary bank Using your English–English dictionary This kind of dictionary helps you actually learn English. Using headwords and parts of speech 1 Find the correct headword. These bold words in a dictionary are in alphabetical order. Look at the words on the top left and top right of the double page. Find a word which comes just before and after your word. 2 Find the correct meaning. If there are different meanings of the word, they appear in a numbered list. Look at all the meanings before you choose the correct one in context.

5. Vocabulary bank Using your English–English dictionary Using headwords and parts of speech 3 Find the correct part of speech. Sometimes the same headword appears more than once, followed by a small number. This means the word has more than one part of speech, e.g., n and v. Work out the part of speech before you look up a word. Clues: • Nouns come after articles (a/an/the) or adjectives. • Verbs come after nouns or pronouns.

6. Vocabulary bank Using your English–English dictionary Learning to pronounce words The symbols after the headword show you how to pronounce the word. Learn these symbols (the key is usually at the front or the back of the dictionary). The little line in the symbols shows you how to stress the word. Example: tourist /'tuərist/

7. Vocabulary bank Using your English–English dictionary Learning to use words correctly in context Nouns can be countable or uncountable. This information is important for using articles and verb forms (e.g., is/are) correctly. Look for the symbol [C] or [U]. Some verbs need an object. They are transitive. Some verbs don’t need an object. They are intransitive. This information is important for making good sentences. Look for the symbol [T] or [I]. Some words can be spelt in British English (e.g., colour, traveller) or American English (e.g., color, traveler). Choose the correct spelling for the text you are working on.

8. A How can an English–English dictionary help you understand and produce spoken and written English? 2.1 Vocabulary Model answers: The following information is useful for spoken English: • stress • pronunciation of individual phonemes – particularly when a phoneme has multiple pronunciations

9. A How can an English–English dictionary help you understand and produce spoken and written English? 2.1 Vocabulary • Model answers: • The following information is useful forwritten English: • information about the type of word – C/U; T/I • the spelling – with an English-English dictionary, you can often guess the possible spelling – for example, ecotourism could be eko but if you don’t find it there, you can try eco … • examples of the word in use • some synonyms for lexical cohesion – this is a very important point.

10. B Study the dictionary extract on the opposite page. 2.1 Vocabulary 1 Why are the two words (top left and top right) important? They tell us the first and last words on the pages to help us locate the word we want. 2 What do the words tour, transport and triphave in common? All these words can both be a noun (n) and a verb (v). 3 How many meanings does tour(noun) have? Two.

11. B Study the dictionary extract on the opposite page. 2.1 Vocabulary 4 Are transport (noun) and transport (verb) pronounced exactly the same? No. In the noun, the stress is on the first syllable. In the verb, the stress is on the second syllable. 5 What adjective can you make from the word tourist? Touristy. 6 How many ways can you pronounce the word tourist? Two.

12. B Study the dictionary extract on the opposite page. 2.1 Vocabulary 7 Where is the stress on tourist trap? How do you know? On the first syllable of the first word, for it is indicated by '. 8 Can you say tourist classes? Explain your answer. No, tourist class is uncountable. 9 What can you say about the spelling of the word traveller? Traveller is British English spelling while in American English it is spelt ‘traveler’.

13. B Study the dictionary extract on the opposite page. 2.1 Vocabulary Can you say We tripped to Dubai? Explain your answer. No. Trip is not used as a verb in this sense. We would use trip as a noun:“We went on a trip to Dubai.”

14. C Look at the bold words in the dictionary extract. 2.1 Vocabulary 1 What order are they in? Alphabetical order. 2 Write the words in the box in the same order. accommodation adventurous budget development environment experience independent itinerary lobby luxury resort transport

15. D Look at the top of a double page from an English–English dictionary. 2.1 Vocabulary 1 Which word from Exercise C will appear on these pages? The word itinerary will appear on the double page spread. 2 Think of words before and after some of the other words in Exercise C. Answers depend on which words students choose.

16. E Look up the bold words from the box in a dictionary. 2.1 Vocabulary 1 How many meanings can you find for each word? 2 What kind of noun/verb is each word? 3 Which meaning is most likely in a tourism and hospitality text?

17. E Look up the bold words from the box in a dictionary. 2.1 Vocabulary Answers: U (BrE), C (AmE) a place to stay n a system of vehicles, such as buses, trains, planes, etc. for getting from one place to another n U T v carry goods and people from one place to another

18. E Look up the bold words from the box in a dictionary. 2.1 Vocabulary Answers: n C a hall or passage in a hotel* v T persuade a politician to support a particular cause a holiday place, or a place considered good for your health* n C resort to: do sth. (usually unpleasant) in order to achieve sth. v T *Main meaning in tourism

19. E Look up the bold words from the box in a dictionary. 2.1 Vocabulary Answers: 1 [U] great comfort, expensive things or surroundings* 2 [C] sth. that is expensive but not essential U/C n n U/C 1 [U] knowledge gained over a period of time 2 [C] events or things that happen to you* v T be affected by something *Main meaning in tourism

20. F Look up the italic words. 2.1 Vocabulary 1 Where is the stress in each word? 2 What is the sound of the underlined letter(s) in each word? 3 Use each of these words in a sentence about tourism or hospitality.

21. F Look up the italic words. 2.1 Vocabulary Answers: He is an independent traveller, so he hates package tours. /ə/ or /I/ adj inde'pendent She has an adventurous spirit and likes to visit faraway places. adj /tʃ/ ad'venturous 'budget /Λ/ C I This holiday I’m on a budget, so I can’t spend too much. n v

22. F Look up the italic words. 2.1 Vocabulary Answers: A new luxury development is opening in Cancun next month. /ə/ n de'velopment C/U The travel agent e-mailed me the itinerary for my holiday. /ə/ i'tinerary n C C/U ( usually singular) New developments should take the environment into account. en'vironment /ai/ n

23. G Test each other on the words from Exercises E and F. 2.1 Vocabulary Give the dictionary definition of one of the words. Can your partner guess which word you are defining?

24. H What do the pictures on the opposite page show? Use some of the words from this lesson. 2.1 Vocabulary accommodation: a (luxury)resorthotel accommodation: the (lobby)ofan international /a luxuryhotel

25. H What do the pictures on the opposite page show? Use some of the words from this lesson. 2.1 Vocabulary the itinerary of an organized / package tour (to northern India) accommodation: a budget hotel/hostel for backpackers

26. H What do the pictures on the opposite page show? Use some of the words from this lesson. 2.1 Vocabulary adventure holiday/experience: a 4-wheel drive vehicle in the desert

27. A How many kinds of tourism can you think of? 2.2 Reading Teaching tips: Set the question for general discussion.

28. B Study the text from Tourism Today. 1 Define each type of tourism. 2.2 Reading

29. B Study the text from Tourism Today. 2 Find a picture of each type. 2.2 Reading backpacking disaster tourism health tourism adventure tourism ecotourism

30. B Study the text from Tourism Today. 2 Find a picture of each type. 2.2 Reading educational tourism events tourism sports tourism cultural tourism space tourism heritage tourism agritourism

31. C Discuss these questions. 2.2 Reading Have you experienced any of the types of tourism on this page? Which is/would be your favourite type of tourism? Why? Teaching tips: Set for pair or group work and encourage students to compare experiences. Class feedback.

32. D You are going to read a text. What should you do before you read a text in detail? 2.2 Reading Teaching tips: Refer students to Skills bank.

33. Skills bank Doing reading research • Before you start reading … • Think of research questions. In other words, ask yourself: What must I find out from my research? • Look at headings, sub-headings, illustrations. Look for patterns or variations in presentation, e.g., a series of dates; words in bold oritalic script. Think: Whatinformation do they give me? • Decide how to record information from your reading. Choose one or more methods of note-taking. See Unit 1 Skills bank.

34. E This text is about a special type of tourism. 2.2 Reading 1 Read the heading. What kind of tourism do you think this text is about? The article is about personal/individual tourism, specifically a variety of backpacking for people with money: ‘flashpacking’. 2 Think of three research questions before you read. Who are the people involved in this activity? Why do they do it? Where do they go? How do they travel?

35. FStudy these topic sentences from the text. 2.2 Reading 1 What will the paragraphs describe? 2 Which paragraphs are likely to answer your research questions?

36. FStudy these topic sentences from the text. 2.2 Reading Answers to Q1: where they go, what they do advantages of backpacking how they ‘rough it’

37. FStudy these topic sentences from the text. 2.2 Reading Answers to Q1: explanation of flashpacking the difference between flashpacking and backpacking what travel companies are doing to exploit this trend

38. FStudy these topic sentences from the text. 2.2 Reading Answers to Q1: what the three countries are; why flashpacking works well there. why flashpacking works well there. why flashpacking works well there. which three types of traveller

39. GRead the full article now and check your ideas. 2.2 Reading Teaching tips: 1 Point out to students that the topic sentences are normally the first sentences of each paragraph. 2 Refer students to Skills bank. 3 Remind them of their research questions and encourage them to take notes as they read.

40. Skills bank Doing reading research • While you are reading … • Highlight the topic sentences. • Think: Which paragraph(s) will probably give me the answer to my research questions? • Read these paragraphs first. • Make notes. • After reading … • Think: Did the text answer all my research questions? • If the answer is no, look at other paragraphs to see if the information is there.

41. AStudy the words in box a. They are all from the text in Lesson 2. 1 Give two common meanings of each word. 2 Choose the meaning of the word in the text. 3 Check with your dictionary. 2.3 Extending skills

42. AStudy the words in box a. They are all from the text in Lesson 2. Possible answers: (adj) modern and expensive-looking 1. (v) appear suddenly 2. (n) a sudden quick, bright light 3. (adj) modern and expensive-looking 2.3 Extending skills an attitude 1. a ghost 2. an attitude 3. an alcoholic drink not luxurious 1. not luxurious 2. having an uneven surface 3. not gentle

43. AStudy the words in box a. They are all from the text in Lesson 2. Possible answers: (n) a short holiday 1. (n) a short holiday 2. (v) break in two/in pieces 2.3 Extending skills (esp. BrE) well dressed and neat 1. (esp. AmE) intelligent 2. operated by computers 3. (esp. BrE) well dressed and neat (n) a rapid growth or increase in popularity 1. (n) a loud noise from an explosion 2. (n) part of a boat 3. (n) a rapid growth or increase in popularity 4. (v) grow rapidly or increase in popularity

44. B Study the words in box b. They are all from the text in Lesson 2. 2.3 Extending skills 1 What is the base word in each case? What is the part of speech of the base word? 2 Does the prefix/suffix change the part of speech? 3 How does the prefix/suffix change the meaning of the base word?

45. B Study the words in box b. They are all from the text in Lesson 2. Model answers: dependent (adj) or depend (v) -in =not (gives an adjective its opposite meaning) 2.3 Extending skills -ous =indicates quality adventure (n) comfort (n) -un =not (gives an adjective its opposite meaning) -ment =changes a verb into a noun develop (v) -ation =changes a verb into a noun accommodate (v) -city =changes an adjective into a noun; indicates a way of doing things (a practice) simple (adj)

46. C Look back at the topic sentences from the text in Lesson 2 ( Exercise F, page 16). Don’t look at the text on page 17. What information comes after each topic sentence? Suggest content. Example: advantages of backpacking, e.g., freedom, cheapness … 2.3 Extending skills Answers depend on the students.

47. DWrite a summary of the text on page 17. Paraphrase the topic sentences. Add extra information and examples. 2.3 Extending skills See Skills bank

48. Skills bank Using topic sentences to summarize • The topic sentences of a text normally make a good basis for a summary. Follow this procedure: • Locate the topic sentences. • Paraphrase them – in other words, rewrite them in your own words so that the meaning is the same. Do not simply copy them. (This is a form of plagiarism.) • Add supporting information – once again, in your own words. • Check your summary. Check that the ideas flow logically. Check spelling and grammar. If your summary is short, it may be just one paragraph. Divide a longer summary into paragraphs.

49. Skills bank Using topic sentences to summarize Example: Tourists are becoming aware of what their travel does to the environment. There is a growing number of green resorts.

50. A Can you remember the different types of tourism from Lesson 2? List as many as you can remember and describe their meaning. adventure tourism agritourism backpacking cultural tourism disaster tourism ecotourism events tourism educational tourism heritage tourism health tourism sports tourism space tourism 2.4 Extending skills