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Soil

Soil. Chapter 7.3. Soil forms as a result of the mechanical and chemical breakdown of rock and accumulation of organic matter . 1. Residual soils are soils that have formed from the bedrock lying beneath them.

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Soil

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  1. Soil Chapter 7.3

  2. Soil forms as a result of the mechanical and chemical breakdown of rock and accumulation of organic matter. 1. Residual soils are soils that have formed from the bedrock lying beneath them. 2. Transported soils are soils that have formed elsewhere and were then moved to a new location by wind or water. Credit: U.S. Geological Survey Department of the Interior/USGS Iowa Department of Natural Resources

  3. Soil Profiles show the layering of the soil as you dig deeper into the ground. Each distinct layer is referred to as a soil horizon. Organic matter: Litter layer of plant residues in relatively un-decomposed form. Surface soil: Layer of mineral soil with most organic matter accumulation and soil life. Subsoil: Layer of alteration below an "A" horizon. This layer accumulates iron, clay, aluminum and organic compounds. Substratum: Layer of unconsolidated soil parent material. This layer may accumulate the more soluble compounds that bypass the "B" horizon. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_horizon

  4. Factors Affecting Soil Formation • Climate - humid, temperate climates favor more rapid soil development. • Topography - steep-sloped areas tend to lose soil to erosion more rapidly. • Parent Rock - some types of rock weather more quickly than others. • Biological Organisms - bacteria, fungi, worms, insects, & plants aid in soil formation. • Time - amount of time of weathering affects the types of minerals still present in the soil.

  5. Soil Texture - the ratio of sand (largest), silt, and clay (smallest). - affects the ability of the soil to absorb & retain moisture. Soil Color - determined by type of minerals, organic material, and moisture content of soil. (composition & climate) Soil Fertility - what plant nutrients are present in the soil. - fertilizers can be used to add missing nutrients.

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