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Understanding ARP and Proxy ARP Mechanisms in Networking

This article explains the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), which is essential for mapping high-level IP addresses to low-level MAC addresses on a network. It describes how two machines can communicate by knowing each other’s physical addresses. Additionally, it covers Proxy ARP, which allows multiple physical addresses to share a single IP network prefix, effectively enabling communication between different networks through a router. The functionality and implications of ARP and Proxy ARP are crucial for efficient network operations.

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Understanding ARP and Proxy ARP Mechanisms in Networking

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  1. Reminding - ARP • Two machines on a given network can communicate only if they know each other’s physical network address • ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) serves for mapping from high-level IP address into low level MAC address.

  2. 10.4.10.91 00:11:22:33:44:55:bc Reminding – ARP ARP Response (00:11:22:33:44:55:12) ARP Request (10.4.10.90) 10.4.10.90 00:11:22:33:44:55:12 10.4.10.86 00:11:22:33:44:55:2e 10.4.10.20 00:11:22:33:44:55:6b 10.4.10.23 00:11:22:33:44:55:40

  3. Proxy ARP • Proxy ARP (also called promiscuous ARP or ARP hack) is a technique used to map a single IP network prefix into two physical addresses. • Using the same network address space for more than one physical address • Assume that there are 2 networks A and B connected by router R that runs Proxy ARP • Using Proxy ARP, R can use the same net id for both networks.

  4. 10.10.1.5 10.10.1.3 10.10.1.4 Proxy ARP Network A: 10.10.1.x/24 R PPP . Network B: 10.10.1.x/24

  5. Proxy ARP • Router R replies to ARP requests that are generated by hosts on the PPP connection (Network B), in which the target IP is on network A, namely it sends its MAC address. • R know which hosts are connected through the PPP. • These host assume that the destination host are on the same physical network. • In their ARP table the router MAC address is associated with the destination IP address.

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