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Future Particle Accelerators: Enhancements and Innovations in High-Energy Physics

This document discusses the upcoming projects in particle accelerators, including the SLHC (Super Large Hadron Collider), SuperKEKB, and next-generation linear colliders like ILC and CLIC. Key aspects of the modernization of existing infrastructures, increasing luminosity, and new technologies for optimizing particle collisions are explored. With insights into international efforts and recent advancements in nuclear physics, this overview highlights the significant research endeavors across CERN, Japan, Italy, and beyond to enhance our understanding of fundamental particles and forces.

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Future Particle Accelerators: Enhancements and Innovations in High-Energy Physics

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  1. Budoucí projekty • Modernizace • SLHC • SuperKEKB • Nové urychlovače • ILC • CLIC • Mionový urychlovač • SuperB • LHeC

  2. Budoucí projekty

  3. Nuclear physics 1 CERN 1 ITALY 2 SIBERIA 1 CINA 1 JAPAN 2 USA Isotopes for Medicine Colliders Synchrotron light Non nuclear Investigation Radiotherapy Industria Ion implatantion Hadrontherapy Accelerators in the world > 15000

  4. Leptons Hadrons COLLIDERS - 2009 VEPP-2000 VEPP-4M (e+e- 1-4 GeV) LHC (p-p 14 TeV) RHIC (ions) KEK-B (e+e- 10 GeV) DAFNE (e+e- 1 GeV) TEVATRON (p-ap 2 TeV) BEPCII (e+e- 4 GeV) Future:ILC, CLIC, SuperB,eRHIC, ELIC 21/07/09 Krakow - HEP 2009 C.Biscari - "Accelerators R&D"

  5. Collider energies e+ e- Hadrons e - protons

  6. Collider luminosities e+ e- Hadrons e - protons

  7. Colliderluminositiesversus energies e+ e- Hadrons e - protons

  8. SLHC • Uvažovaná modernizace LHC pro vyšší luminositu a energii

  9. LHC/LHC L-Upgrade Schedule Stronger IR quads PS2-SPL New low b quads LINAC 4 sLHC full upgrade to (3-10)e34 “mini” upgrade to (1-3)e34 Preliminary planning studies,J-PKoutchouk

  10. Možné scénáře • Maximální luminosita bez HW změn (fáze 0) • Jen 2 IP • Zvýšení Nb • Max. pole dipólu 9 T • Pouze změny interakční oblasti (fáze 1) • Podstatné HW změny (fáze 2)

  11. How to do it? Upgrade KEKB & Belle

  12. The KEKB Performance 70 x TeVatron 1,7 x PEPII 210 x LEP 2 x LHC 1 x ILC Luminosity Records: • Peak L = 2.1x1034 cm-2 s-1(2x the design value) • Daily ∫Ldt = 1.5 fb-1(2.5 x the design value) • Total ∫Ldt ~ 950 fb-1(as of July 2009) 1x1034 cm-2 s-1

  13. Luminosity Prospects 50ab-1 by ~2020 Results from Belle II @ ~10ab-1 LHC(b) Prospects of ILC… L~8x1035 cm-2s-1 10ab-1 (initial target ) ~ 2016 3year shutdown for upgrade L~2x1035 cm-2s-1

  14. Strategies for Increasing Luminosity Accelerator Physics: Basic terms: Betatron functions: Luminosity: Luminosity:

  15. Strategies for Increasing Luminosity • Smaller by* • (2) Increase beam currents • (3) Increase xy Nano-Beam Option High-Current Option

  16. Design Options Comparison of Parameters

  17. Head-on (crab) 22 mrad. crossing Crossing angle 22 mrad crab crossing (Simulation：K. Ohmi) Crab Cavities Installed in KEKB (Feb. 2007)

  18. Colliding bunches Belle II New Superconducting / permanent final focusing quads near the IP e- 2.1 A Nano-Beam SuperKEKB e+ 3.7 A Replace long TRISTAN dipoles with shorter ones (HER). Add / modify rf systems. Redesign the HER arcs to squeeze the emitance. Low emittance positrons to inject Low emittance gun Low emittance electrons to inject New positron target / capture section TiN coated beam pipe with antechambers

  19. Project Status SuperKEKB is a lab priority, part of the KEK Roadmap. The Japanese government has partially approved the project Funding in other countries on the way (D,SLO, CZ) We are proceeding with R&D while awaiting full approval of the construction budget request.

  20. SuperB: Itálie

  21. SuperB

  22. Lineární urychlovač e+e- Motivace • Další fundamentální výsledky lze dosáhnout při ECM~ stovky GeV • LHC: 7 TeV • Podle shodného mínění nestačí jen jeden urychlovač • Ke komplementárním měřením (EW) je třeba e+e- • LEP: poslední kruhový urychlovač, po něm musí být elektrony urychlovány lineárně

  23. Future : e+ e- Linear colliders High gradient cavities

  24. CLIC ILC • Dual beam acceleration technology • R&D at CERN ~ 20 y • Normal conducting cavities • 12 GHz, 100 MV/m • Maximum energy 3 TeV cm – Phase I at 0.5 TeV • International collaboration around CTF3 • Well extablished SC rf technology (TESLA, FLASH, XFEL…) • Decision in 2004 • Rf cavities ~ TESLA like • 1.3 GHz, 31.5 MV/m • Maximum energy 1 TeV cm - Phase I at 0.5 TeV • GDE (Global Design Effort) - International collaboration • Site independent

  25. latest news: 28 B.Barish EPS 2009 G.Geschonke, CERN

  26. Lineární urychlovač e+e- Historie: 3 podobné projekty 0,5-1 TeV • TESLA (Hamburg) • NLC (USA, patrně SLAC) • JLC (Japonsko) • CLIC (CERN) 3 TeV, výhled Mezinárodní dohoda o přípravě 1 urychlovače ILC • 2004 výběr technologie (supravodivá) • 2005 vytvořena rada Global Design Enterprise (GDE) • 2006 cenový strop (7 M$) • 2007: šok ve financování v USA a UK • 200? výběr místa (DESY, USA, Japonsko, Čína,???) • 200?-?? stavba, ...

  27. Positron source Three options : 1) Ondulator based 2) Compton backscattering 3) SLC source eW

  28. Potřeba lepšího energetického rozlišení

  29. Nový koncept: Tok částic(Particle Flow)

  30. Particle Flow

  31. e-ion colliders

  32. Electron Cooling p p Figure-8 collider ring Snake e-ion detector e e e Possible locations for additional e-ion detectors p SRF Linac Electron injector 12 GeV CEBAF eRHIC PHENIX Main ERL (1.9 GeV) STAR Beam dump Low energy recirculation pass Electron source USA Initiatives ELIC at CEBAF 5 GeV e- 5/10/30 GeV p L 0.4/2.1/4.4 1033 eRHIC at BNL 3/10 GeV e- 50/250 GeV p L 0.5/2.6 1033

  33. European initiatives ENC at FAIR Ecm ~ 13 GeV L ~1033 LHeC at CERN (RING-RING or LINAC-RING) 60/140 GeV e- 7000 GeV p L ~1033

  34. Approximate dates RDR (CDR) TDRR&DOperation Construction Proposed approved

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