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Exploring Genetic Engineering: Benefits and Concerns

Discover the reasons why scientists modify DNA of species, including selective breeding, genetic engineering in bacteria, and cloning processes. Learn about the advantages and controversies of genetic engineering in agriculture and medicine.

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Exploring Genetic Engineering: Benefits and Concerns

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  1. Today's Question: Homework: Why might scientists want to changethe DNA of a species? • (lab) Genetic Code Kit

  2. Scientists select certain genetic traits of an organism. • By breeding certain species together • By adding genes to an organism • By creating genetically identical organisms • Example- glow in the dark cats! Genetic Engineering-

  3. In bacteria- • Can select a gene to add to the bacteria • Bacteria have a circle of DNA (plasmid) • an enzyme used to break the circle • gene is added at a specific site in the DNA • gene is then expressed by the bacteria The Basics

  4. pGLO in bacteria Example

  5. Must cut DNA with an enzyme ata specific site • Must insert gene and bind it to the active gene in the bacteria • Reassemble DNA How?

  6. Can be used to grow chemicals thathumans use that would otherwise bevery expensive • insulin • HGH (human growth hormone) Why?

  7. Scientists can now do this with plantsand animals as well -make plants that produce their ownpesticides -make cats that glow in the dark Going further

  8. Other method- • There are many ways to select what genes are shown by an organism • Cloning • Selective Breeding • Inbreeding • Hybridization

  9. Cloning Mr. Gnacik’s frog… • Take a cell from Kermit. • Remove its nucleus • Take an egg from Mrs. Hoppy • Remove its nucleus, insert Kermit’s DNA • Implant “fertilized egg” into Mrs. Ribbit • Baby Kermit born! Cloning

  10. Any method of breeding two speciestogether to get desirable traits in theoffspring Selective Breeding-

  11. Inbreeding- • Mating two of the same species together who have desirable traits • thing dogs! • Hybridization- • Mating two different species together to get the best of both species • “Grapple” Selective Breeding-

  12. Good, bad and ugly • Good- • Can increase endangered populations • More efficient ways of farming • new corn- uses 50% less water! • Bad- • Can reduce genetic variety in groups • Many new genes’ effects on humans are unknown • Ugly- • “liger” • should this be done just for the sake of trying?

  13. Can compare your DNA to otherhumans (CSI-style…) Can compare humans to other livingorganisms Other uses-

  14. A method of separating DNA out thathas been cut by enzymes. • Allows researchers to see different sizes of molecules • -DNA is run through a gel with electricalcurrent. • -Gel has holes of different sizes thatslow down larger portions of DNA Gel Electrophoresis-

  15. Today's Question: Homework: Why do so many countries have laws against eating geneticallymodified foods? • (lab) Genetic Code Kit

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