Michael Eumann EUWA Water Treatment Plants

PUSHING THE LIMITS: DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW WATER TREATMENT PROCESS 32ndConvention Melbourne, Australia 2012 25th – 30th March Institute ofBrewing & Distilling Asia Pacific Section Michael Eumann EUWA Water Treatment Plants

Agenda • Different Water – Different Beer • Development of Water Treatment in Breweries • Sustainability • Conventional Lime Precipitation • Modern Separation Technique: Ultrafiltration • Combining Old and New • Test Results • Outlook

Different Water – Different Beer Different raw water influenced the evolution of typical beer types in different regions: Pilzen in Czech Republic  PILS Burton-on-Trent in UK  PALE ALE Munich in Germany  DARK BEERS Vienna in Austria  NO BEER, JUST WINE

Brew Water Treatment • Changes in ionic composition of brew water, primarily removal of bicarbonates, was the aim already in the early days of industrial brewing. • Today mainly three different major methods are used in breweries for changing the ionic composition of the brew water: • From the oldest to the newest: • Lime precipitation (LP), • Ion exchange (IX) and • Reverse osmosis (RO).

Brew Water Treatment in the Historical Context Market Share Reverse osmosis Limeprecipitation Ion exchange ? 2000 2025 1900 1925 1975 1950 Year

Sustainability

Lime: Ca(OH)2 • Lime (Ca(OH)2) • is a natural product, • is non-toxic. Pamukkale, Turkey (picture by Mila Zinkova; taken from www.de.wikipedia.org) • CaCO3 from lime precipitation can be easily used in other industries or even be recycled. Limestone quarray near Orosei, Sardinia (picture by Michael J. Zirbes; taken from www.de.wikipedia.org)

Conventional Lime Precipitation • Addition of lime (Ca(OH)2): • Main reaction: • Ca2+ + 2 HCO3- + Ca2+ + 2 OH-  2 CaCO3 + 2 H2O • Mg(HCO3)2 can only be removed as Mg(OH)2, which requires higher pH-values  two-stage lime precipitation (system Morgenstern).

ONE-STAGE LIME PRECIPITATION Lime water Sand filter Lime milk Reactor 1 Raw water Brew water

Mg(HCO3)2+ 2Ca(OH)2 => 2CaCO3 + Mg(OH)2 + 2H2O TWO-STAGE LIME PRECIPITATION

Conventional Lime Precipitation • Large footprint due to: • Lime saturators • Reactor(s).

Large Footprint • Lime saturators: • Solution of lime: • short time. • Separation of undissolved from dissolved matter by sedimentation: •  long time  large footprint. • Lime precipitation reactors: • Reaction of lime with bicarbonates: • short time (within minutes). • Separation of undissolved from dissolved matter by sedimentation: •  long time  large footprint.

Modern Separation Technique: Ultrafiltration • Ensures filtrate is free of particles, turbidity even underfluctuating flow conditions. • Takes out bacteria and viruses. • Ideal for surface water(e.g. river, lake) or aspretreatment for RO.

Combining Old and New: Lime Water Preparation Lime Water Storage Membrane filtration system Water source Lime milk Saturated Lime Water

Combining Old and New: Lime Water Preparation • Replaces lime saturators. • Small footprint. • Provides clear and saturated lime water of constant quality.

Combining Old and New: Lime Precipitation

Combining Old and New: Lime Precipitation • Replaces reactor(s). • Small footprint. • Provides clear, dealkalized brew water of constant quality.

Test Results: Water Quality (exemplarily for six months trial period) WATER X1: Two-stage lime precipitation plant; effluent values fluctuating.

Test Results: Backwashing • Focus was put on hydraulics and backwash regime, resulting in • Cross-flow operation, • Optimization of the lime precipitation reaction, • Regular backwashing using air and water • Backwash water recovery by simple reinjection, resulting in < 1 % of water losses.

Comparing Footprint and Cost • Capacity 5m3/h

Application • Revival of a well-known, sustainable technology by restoring its competetiveness. • Combination with reverse osmosis: • As pretreatment for maximising the yield (up to 95 %). • For concentrate recovery.

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Michael Eumann EUWA Water Treatment Plants