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Infertility

Infertility. Beth McNeill Texas A&M University. What is infertility?. A condition which impairs the reproductive system from successfully producing offspring. Couples are considered infertile if unable to get pregnant after one year of unprotected intercourse. Facts about Infertility.

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Infertility

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  1. Infertility Beth McNeill Texas A&M University

  2. What is infertility? A condition which impairs the reproductive system from successfully producing offspring. Couples are considered infertile if unable to get pregnant after one year of unprotected intercourse.

  3. Facts about Infertility • Infertility is NOT an incontinence; it is a disease that inhibits the reproductive system from performing its most basic function—reproduction. • Affects about 6.1 million people in U.S (10%) • Infertility equally affects men and women • 80% to 90% of infertility cases are treatable. • In vitro fertilization treatments account for less than 5% of infertility services

  4. Conditions for Conception • Ovulation-release of the egg from the woman's ovaries • Fertilization-the uniting of the woman’s egg and the man’s sperm • Implantation-The attaching of the fertilized egg to the lining of the uterus

  5. Factors That Causes InfertilityPrimary Diagnoses for ART Procedures, 1995

  6. THE MALE FACTOR Structural Abnormalities • Physical damage to reproductive organs • Abnormal Functioning • Medical conditions

  7. QUALITY Recreational Drug use Stress Age QUANTITY Nutrition Recreational drug use Temperature You just never know doc… Any day could be the day. And then, competing with 50 million other guys for just one egg! The stress is killing me! THE MALE FACTORQUALITY & QUANTITY of Sperm

  8. THE MALE FACTOR MYTH OR REALITY? BOXERS VS. BRIEFS ABSTAIN TO GAIN

  9. THE FEMALE FACTOR • Weight and fertility Number of times risk of infertility is increased

  10. THE FEMALE FACTOR • Improper hormone level PCOS-Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome • Antibody production • Medical / Genetic Conditions • Recreational drug use

  11. THE FEMALE FACTOR • Presence of infection -Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI’s) -Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

  12. THE FEMALE FACTOR • Structural Abnormalities • Scarring or tumors of the uterus • Endometriosis • Poor quality or lack of cervical mucus • Adhesions & Fibroids

  13. Testing for Infertility • Basic work up includes: • A semen analysis • Proof of ovulation • Postcoital test to observe movement of sperm through cervical mucus • Evaluation of fallopian tubes

  14. Testing for Infertility--MALES • Semen Analysis • Urologist Evaluation

  15. Testing for Infertility--FEMALES • Tests for Ovulation • Urine Test- evaluates for luteinizing hormone • Basal Body Temperature –looks at body temperatures • Progesterone test- measures levels • Endometrial Biopsy–looks at uterine lining

  16. Testing for Infertility--FEMALES • Structural Abnormalities • Postcoital Test (PCT)- evaluates sperm movement • Hysterosalpingography (HSG)-X-rays organs • Ultrasound- provides pictures of organs using sound • Hysteroscope – telescopic examination • Laparoscopy- lighttelescopic examination

  17. MALES Microsurgery when treating blocked parts of the reproductive tract. Hormone injections to stimulate production of sperm FEMALES Fertility drugs to bring on ovulation Surgery to correct structural abnormalities Individual Treatments

  18. Treatments to Insure FertilizationIntracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) • Procedure injects a single sperm directly into an egg.

  19. Treatments for Mobility ProblemsIntrauterine insemination

  20. Treatments for PartnersASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY Treatments or procedures that involve surgically removing eggs from a woman’s ovaries and combining them with sperm to help a woman become pregnant. • In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) • Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT) • Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT)

  21. Treatments for PartnersIn Vitro Fertilization (IVF) • An ART procedure that uses fertility drugs to mature multiple eggs. • Laparoscopy used to remove mature eggs prior to ovulation. • Mature egg is fertilized in a dish then placed back in the woman's uterus.

  22. Treatments for PartnersGamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT) • ART procedure involving removal of eggs from the ovary, combining them with sperm, using laparoscope to place the unfertilized eggs and sperm into the woman's fallopian tube.

  23. Treatments for PartnersZygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT) • An ART procedure that is a variation of the IVF and GIFT. • A zygote (fertilized egg) is used in the IVF procedure • Fertilization occurs outside the body in a dish.

  24. Decisions about InfertilityFactors to Consider • Expense • Time-consuming • Big commitment • Professional counseling may be needed to help sort out issues alternatives

  25. For more information • www.cdc.gov/reproductive health • www.fertility-docs.com • www.asrm.org • http://cis.nci.nih.gov/fact

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