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Sentence Writing

Sentence Writing. Week 3. 1. Topic sentence writing. It is the most important sentence of a paragraph; It tells the reader what he is going to read; A good topic sentence prepares the reader for what follows next and makes it easy for the reader to understand the passage.

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Sentence Writing

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  1. Sentence Writing Week 3

  2. 1. Topic sentence writing • It is the most important sentence of a paragraph; • It tells the reader what he is going to read; • A good topic sentence prepares the reader for what follows next and makes it easy for the reader to understand the passage. • It creates a map for the essay and it dominates the content of the essay.

  3. How to write a topic sentence (P71) • The topic sentence should not be a statement of fact. • A topic sentence should limit the topic.

  4. 2. How to write a better thesis statement 1) State an opinion, not your subject or essay topic. Faulty: This essay is about teenagers learning classical music. Revised: Teenagers are taking more interest in classical music than ever before

  5. 2) State an opinion, not a fact Faulty: Satellite dishes give Chinese access to hundreds of foreign television channels. Revised: By giving Chinese viewers access to hundreds of foreign channels, satellite dishes are threatening the Chinese television industry

  6. 3) Make a precise and a specific thesis statement • Faulty: The Second World War had a big impact on Canada. • Revised: The diversification of manufacturing brought about by the Second World War transformed the Canadian economy.

  7. 3. Rules for Composing Effective Topic Sentences 1)．主题句一定要根据布置的题目进行限定并适当突出。 Assignment： Computers are used in almost every area of life，such as business, science，and the home. Choose one area in which computers are used and discuss the benefits．

  8. 主题：Pursuing a degree in business is beneficial for several reasons． (离题。本句应介绍计算机使用方面的内容而非一个便于拿文凭的领域。) • 主题：It is easy to learn how to use a computer． (离题。本句主题是计算机，但作业并没有要求解释如何操作计算机。)

  9. Computers have become essential in the home these days for three major reasons． (主题正确：本句是有关最近计算机使用的一个领域，所以符合作业要求。)

  10. 2)一个主题句必须集中写一个主题。 • 例如： San Francisco has many tourist attractions and is a cosmopolitan city．（无效） • San Francisco has many tourist attractions that families enjoy seeing． (有效：列举了地点／描述了内容)

  11. 3)．主题句表达一种观点，要可以展开论述,还应包括表明文章扩展方式和作者写作目的信号词3)．主题句表达一种观点，要可以展开论述,还应包括表明文章扩展方式和作者写作目的信号词 • Dolphins and porpoises differ in several major ways．(对照) 有效 • Operating a word processor is an easy procedure if you follow these steps． (过程) 有效

  12. 4). 主题句一定要简洁、完整，使用陈述句形式。 • Television benefits young children in three major ways．(列举了好处／影响，完整) • 陈述句： Grades are important for several major reasons．(列举了理由／原因) • I want to write about ways to maintain the health．（无法论证） • Maintaining good health is crucial．People can maintain their health in many ways． (可以论证：过程／列举了建议)

  13. 5)．主题句不应太具体，因为非常具体的陈述虽具有真实性，但不能展开论证5)．主题句不应太具体，因为非常具体的陈述虽具有真实性，但不能展开论证 • Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth president of the United States．（太具体） • Abraham Lincoln’s most outstanding quality was his honesty．(定义)

  14. 6)．主题句不应太笼统，因为宽泛的论断很难找 到支持论据。 例如： • 太笼统：Overeating is bad． • 有效： Overeating contributes to several health problems． (列举了影响)

  15. 范例：1. Topic sentence (主题句） Title: Parents can help their children be successful in school by encouraging them 主题：How Parents can help children succeed in school

  16. 2. How to Support sentences（辅助句） • Supporting sentences are the ways of developing the topic sentence: • We can use examples, personal experience,details, facts and statistics.

  17. How Parents can help children succeed in school Readers may ask: • How can parents encourage their children? • What specific things should parents do to encourage their parents? • How will this encouragement lead to success?

  18. The support sentences will be: 1) Parents can encourage children by reminding them to do their homework. 2) Parents can encouraging children by buying them books and tapes to help them learn. 3) Parents can encouraging children by rewarding them.

  19. in class P74 Samples 1--4

  20. 3.Conclusion (结束语） • A concluding sentence may sum up what has been said by restating the controlling idea. • It may also suggest a solution to the problem stated in the paragraph, or ask a question. • To say what is going to happen as a result of the situation described in the body part is another way to end a paragraph. • A paragraph may end naturally without a concluding sentence.

  21. 范例：3. Conclusion (结束语） Sample1: So, if parents really want their children to succeed in school, they need to pay attention to their children’s studies and encourage them. Sample 2: Parents who want their children to do their best in school must support and pay attention to them.

  22. THE BENEFITS OF VOLUNTEERING • You are to write in three parts. • In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. • In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate details. • In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. • Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

  23. Sample 1 • Volunteering is not only a way to help other people but also a positive attitude towards life, which will make the persons you’ve helped to live a better life as well as yourself. One can benifit a lot from it. • I worked as a voluteer for the 2007 World Bridge Campion, the experience of which teaches me a lot. At that time, I got up at 6 o’clock and went back to

  24. school until midnight with tiring legs. But when I find what I did was a great help for the competitors and One day a player from South Africa told me, “Your beautiful smile make me think of my daughter.” I know the work I did was of great important to them. What we do for them made them feel at home and would remind them of a welcomed expression in China.

  25. However, I think I benifit more from it. I learn to communicate with foreigin people and to be confident, pacient and helpful, which I can not learn from class. Volunteering makes me grow up and know more about life. After this experience, I hold the understand that “to give before you ask”, we need to contribute ourselves to the society before we ask for something. • In a word, we can benifit from vuluteering a lot.

  26. 评语： 文章内容切题，举例恰当，表述较为清晰，句式有变化，语言较为流畅。 文章的不足之处：书写随意，拼写错误较明显，有几处词性使用混淆。

  27. Sample 2 • With the development of science, the quality of our lives have been considerably changed, and people are becoming increasly aware of the significance of volunteering. The arguement over it has recently brought into focus. Quite a few deem that there is no benefit for volunteering, but others, in contrast, think you can get a lot through volunteering. As far as I am concerned, volunteering is good for ourselves, and we can get a lot through it.

  28. The benefit of my ideas can generalized to a few reasons. First of all, through volunteering you can practice yourself and learn something that you can never learned in class. In addition, you can make a lot of people through volunteering, who can be your great treasure throughout your life. At last, you may get ready to know the society, and help a lot of people. Among all the benefit, I only list these.

  29. Taking into accountant of all these factors, we may draw the conclusion that we can really get a lot from volunteering. Therefore, in order to perfect ourselves, go out to volunteer and not only yourself but also the society will benefit a lot.

  30. 评语:文章基本切题，能根据题目要求展开讨论，观点基本明了，框架基本正确。评语:文章基本切题，能根据题目要求展开讨论，观点基本明了，框架基本正确。 • 文章不足的地方:用词简单，一些地方用词不当，且语法有错，语言不流畅，造成部分意思表达含糊。

  31. Sample 3 • Volunteering, in many peoples opinion, is almost a waste of time. Volunteers seem to gain little, if not nothing from their work. But actually it is not the case at all. Volunteers always find their work meaningful and worthwhile. • .

  32. The most apparent benefit of volunteering is that volunteers can get valuable chances to get close to real society. As most volunteers are young and inexperienced college students, it will help them a lot to witness social reality and take part in social activities. Another major benefit volunteers can gain is the cultivation of a sense of responsibility. By helping the weak members of our society, volunteers always feel on their shoulders the duty of citizenship which is necessary in maintaining good relationship in a family, a community and a

  33. whole society. A third benefit that is often overlooked by people is the happiness at the bottom of the heart. This is gained by simply helping others. • Being a volunteer may not bring you any money but surely one can gain a lot from their volunteering work which benefits their later life and work.

  34. 评语：文章内容切题，观点较为明确，条理清楚，结构符合题目要求。文章表达比较流畅，用词较为丰富。作者在句式运用上也较有意识。文章的不足之处是个别地方用词不够贴切，搭配不当，比如weak members, valuable chances, witness social reality。

  35. Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: • Jane, your classmate, is thinking of subscribing to an Englishlanguage newspaper. And you would like to recommend one to her. Write a note, telling her which newspaper it is and describing two features of the paper.

  36. 评语：该便条格式正确，内容完整，意思表达明确，语言流畅。评语：该便条格式正确，内容完整，意思表达明确，语言流畅。 • April 20th, 2008Dear Jane, • Have you decided which newspaper to subscribe yet? I strongly recommend the 21st Century to you, which is a very popular English language newspaper among us students. It is well organized for the convenience of its readers. What’s more, the content of the newspaper is exceedingly abundant, ranging from news items to short stories. It is really the best choice and I hope you will like it. • Yours sincerely, • Amanda

  37. 评语：该便条格式基本正确，内容基本完整，但个别地方用词不当，故意思表达不够明确，且个别地方语法有错。该便条总体水平一般。评语：该便条格式基本正确，内容基本完整，但个别地方用词不当，故意思表达不够明确，且个别地方语法有错。该便条总体水平一般。 • April 20th, 2008Dear Jane, • Hearing you want to subscribe an Englishlanguage newspaper. I want to suggest you book 21st century English newspaper. Because the newspapers I used it and feel the content is related to our college life, which is very natural. After you read it, you can learn many news words that it has already explained. So I think it is very useful for you.Best wishes for you! • Yours Sincerely, • Mary

  38. 评语：该便条格式基本正确，但存在的问题较多。第一，内容不完整，没有按照题目的要求描述报纸的两个特点，而是比较了两份报纸。第二，意思表达不清，部分句子不连贯，且有些地方语法有错，语言不流畅。评语：该便条格式基本正确，但存在的问题较多。第一，内容不完整，没有按照题目的要求描述报纸的两个特点，而是比较了两份报纸。第二，意思表达不清，部分句子不连贯，且有些地方语法有错，语言不流畅。 • March 19, 2008Dear Jane, • Im delighted to learned that you are subscribing an Englishlanguage newspaper. Im very interested in the English-language newspaper. In my opinion, I want to recommend you the English-weekly newspaper. • Although they are both English newspaper, they are different from each other. The English-language newspaper is based on the language. Tell us more about the pronunciation. On the contrary, the English-weekly newspaper is very interesting and funny. It has various of contents. Its good for our study. • Think it carefully. Im looking forward to knowing your answers. • Yours, • Ann

  39. Homework P75. 1,2 P79, Draft 1,2,3

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