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一、路由器、交换机基本配置

一、路由器、交换机基本配置. 安排. 实验室各机柜设备互连介绍 学生超级终端连接到各设备 学生 PC 通过内部交换机连接到各自的路由器第一个以太网口 路由器基本结构及各配置模式介绍 讲解、学习课件 实验文件 8_ Steps_to_Success.pdf 实验 1.5.1 :网络布线和基本路由器配置. 交换机或路由器的配置模式及切换. Using exit , end and Control-Z. end. exit. 实验一文件. 实验 1.5.1 :网络布线和基本路由器配置 P3:DTE, DCE

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一、路由器、交换机基本配置

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  1. 一、路由器、交换机基本配置

  2. 安排 • 实验室各机柜设备互连介绍 • 学生超级终端连接到各设备 • 学生PC通过内部交换机连接到各自的路由器第一个以太网口 • 路由器基本结构及各配置模式介绍 • 讲解、学习课件 • 实验文件 • 8_Steps_to_Success.pdf • 实验 1.5.1:网络布线和基本路由器配置

  3. 交换机或路由器的配置模式及切换

  4. Using exit, end and Control-Z end exit

  5. 实验一文件 • 实验 1.5.1:网络布线和基本路由器配置 • P3:DTE, DCE • P4:通过控制台连接配置路由器时需要用到终端仿真软件。Cisco Networking Academy 推荐使用 Tera Term。 • P5:[OK]提示与输入 • 关于setup • P7:步骤 10:键入缩写的 IOS 命令。 • P8:步骤 5:使用 no ip domain-lookup 命令禁用 DNS 查找。 • 实验 1.5.2:基本路由器配置 • 实验 1.5.3:路由器配置练习

  6. 实验一文件 • 实验 1.5.2:基本路由器配置 • show running-config • show ip route • show ip interface brief • 实验 1.5.3:路由器配置练习

  7. 实验网络拓扑图

  8. 路由器配置的基本步骤 • Step 1: Physical Connections • Step 2: Boot up the router • Step 3: Host Name and Passwords • Step 4: Adding IP Addresses • Step 5a: Adding Dynamic Routing: RIP • Step 5b: Adding Dynamic Routing: EIGRP • Step 5c: Adding Dynamic Routing: OSPF • Step 6: Adding Default and Static Routes • Step 7: Testing and Monitoring • Step 8: Finishing up • 详见文档:8_Steps_to_Success.pdf

  9. 实验要求及验证 • 路由器基本配置 • 设备命名 • 各种口令(console; enable; vty ) • 第一个以太网口分配地址 • int fa0/0 • ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 • no shut • 将PC机的网线从校园网拔出,转接到内网, • 自己的PC通过交换机连到路由器的第一个以太网口,修改自己的IP地址和路由器在同一个网段中,PC机的网关地址指向所连接的路由器的接口地址如: • 192.168.*.10 255.255.255.0 • *的值和路由器的编号相对应,如R1,192.168.1.10 • C:>telnet 192.168.*.1 • 如果登录成功,则实验成功

  10. 二、静态路由、缺省路由

  11. Role of the Router What is the best path to 192.168.2.0/24 network? • Routers are primarily responsible for interconnecting networks by: • Determining the best path • Forwarding packets

  12. Introducing the Topology 172.16.1.0/24 .1 .2 .2 172.16.2.0/24 192.168.1.0/24 172.16.3.0/24 .1 .1 192.168.2.0/24 .1 .1

  13. 实验文件 • 实验手册 ccna2-路由-学生版实验手册 • 实验 2.8.1:基本静态路由配置 • 实验 2.8.2:静态路由配置练习 • 实验 2.8.3:静态路由故障排除

  14. 实验文件 • 拓扑结构及地址表结合实验室具体情况进行

  15. 路由器配置的基本步骤 • Step 1: Physical Connections • Step 2: Boot up the router • Step 3: Host Name and Passwords • Step 4: Adding IP Addresses • Step 5a: Adding Dynamic Routing: RIP • Step 5b: Adding Dynamic Routing: EIGRP • Step 5c: Adding Dynamic Routing: OSPF • Step 6: Adding Default and Static Routes • Step 7: Testing and Monitoring • Step 8: Finishing up • DEMO: debug ip routing • Show ip route • 直连的网络和静态路由加入的远程网络

  16. 常用命令 • Show ip int brief • Show run • Show ip route • Show version • Show controller s0/0/0

  17. Examining the show commands • show interfaces – Displays all the statistics for all the interfaces on the router. To view the statistics for a specific interface, enter the show interfaces command followed by the specific interface and port number. • show controllers serial – Displays information-specific to the interface hardware • show clock – Shows the time set in the router • show hosts – Displays a cached list of host names and addresses • show users – Displays all users who are connected to the router • show history – Displays a history of commands that have been entered • show flash – Displays information about flash memory and what IOS files are stored there • show version – Displays information about the router and the IOS that is running in RAM • show ARP – Displays the ARP table of the router • show protocol – Displays the global and interface specific status of any configured Layer 3 protocols • show startup-configuration – Displays the saved configuration located in NVRAM • show running-configuration – Displays the configuration currently running in RAM

  18. 补充说明 • 1、结合实验室的具体情况进行连线及有关说明 • 主机要连接到内网中,同时修改主机地址为静态分配,以各自所在的路由器的第一个以太网口为网关 • 如果是4人一组,则要增加一台路由器R4(2611),通过以太网口E0/0直接连接到R2的F0/0 • 一定要注意各个路由器的接口信息,# show ip int brief 查看,路由器2611是ethernet 的10M口,而2620,2621,1841,2800等都是fastethernetde 100M口。另外,2620只有1个以太网口,而其他的则有2个以太网口。 • 机柜中的R3可能是下列中的一种:2621,2620或2611 • DCE、DTE线缆根据线缆的实际连接来判断,但一定不要忘记在DCE端敲入clock rate 命令,如果不能确定是否DCE,可用命令Router#show controllers s0/0/0 进行查看 • 各接口配置完地址等信息后,一定不要忘记敲入no shut命令 • 2、地址分配各组成员之间协商,地址可以自己设计和分配。

  19. 关于各个路由器之间的路由实现说明 • R1:默认静态路由 • R2:静态路由 • R3:先静态路由,再更换为汇总结静态路由总路由 • R4:默认静态路由

  20. 静态路由与缺省路由 R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.2.2

  21. 静态路由、缺省路由拓展 • 如果有R4,则将R4也作为分支机构如Branch2即可。 • 此时,R4启用缺省路由,HQ启用静态路由。

  22. Print out this topology

  23. conf t • host R2 • enable secret class • line con 0 • password cisco • login • line vty 0 4 • password cisco • login • end • 基本配置R2 • ****R2 • conf t • int fa0/0 • description connet to LAN2 • ip add 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 • no shut • int s0/0/0 • ip add 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0 • no shut • int s0/0/1 • ip add 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 • clock rate 56000 • no shut • end

  24. 基本配置R1&R3 • ***R3 • conf t • int fa0/0 • description connet to LAN3 • ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 • no shut • int s0/0/1 • ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 • no shut • end • ***R1 • conf t • int fa0/0 • description connet to LAN1 • ip add 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0 • no shut • int s0/1/0 • ip add 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0 • clock rate 56000 • no shut • end

  25. 静态路由 • ***R2 • conf t • ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1 • ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 • ***R1 • conf t • ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2 • ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2 • ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2 • 缺省路由简化路由表 • ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.2.2 • ***R3 • conf t • ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 • ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 • ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 • 汇总路由简化路由表 • ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0 192.168.1.2

  26. 实际的网络 • ***R2 • conf t • ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1 • ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 • ***R1 • conf t • ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2 • ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2 • ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2 • 缺省路由简化路由表 • ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.2.2 • ***R3 • conf t • ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 • ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 • ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 • 汇总路由简化路由表 • ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0 192.168.1.2

  27. 实际的网络 • ***R2 • conf t • ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1 • ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 • ***R1 • conf t • 缺省路由简化路由表 • ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.2.2 • ***R3 • conf t • 汇总路由简化路由表 • ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0 192.168.1.2

  28. 系统测试 • 路由器 • Show run • Show ip int brief • Debug ip routing 实时观察路由的变化 • Undebug ip routing/ undebug all 关闭debug • Show ip route • Ping 远程主机 • Traceroute 远程主机 • telnet 远程路由器 • PC机 • Ping 远程主机 • telnet 远程路由器

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