Physical Activity Across the Lifespan Janet Purath, PhD, APRN, BC Michele Shaw, PhD, RN

1. Physical Activity Across the Lifespan Janet Purath, PhD, APRN, BC Michele Shaw, PhD, RN

2. Objectives • Describe physical activity levels across the lifespan and across the globe • Discuss types of physical activity • Discuss health benefits of physical activity

3. Importance of Changing Health Behaviors • Shift from infectious disease to chronic and/or degenerative illnesses emphasizes the need for primary, secondary and tertiary prevention • Healthy behaviors lead to: • Increased longevity • Reduced disability rates • Better mental health and cognitive function • Lower healthcare costs

4. Definition and Significance • Physical activity: • Defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. • Lack of physical activity is an independent risk factor for chronic diseases, and overall is estimated to cause 1.9 million deaths globally. • Source: WHO: Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health

5. Physical Inactivity:A Global Public Health Problem

6. Why are people inactive? http://www.wcc-coe.org/wcc/what/jpc/pictures/mumbai1-low.gif cai.blogware.com/_photos/Smog.jpg  

7. Physical Activity Recommendations • Everyone should participate in a minimum of 30 minutes of physical activity every day. • Young people are encouraged to aim for 60 minutes of physical activity per day.

8. Modes of Physical Activity • Lifestyle • Work • Leisure • Household • Transportation • Exercise

9. Types of Physical Activity • Aerobic • Muscle strengthening • Bone Strengthening • Balance • Flexibility

10. Risk Populations • Global trends in physical inactivity are of particular concern in certain high risk populations – Older adults, women and young people. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/pa/en/index.html

11. Older Adults • World-wide population is aging. • By 2030, 55 countries are expected to see their 65 and older populations at least 20 percent of their total. • By  2040, the global population is projected to number 1.3 billion older people—accounting for 14 percent of the total.

12. Evidence of Benefits for Older Adults • Improved: • Function and quality of life • Balance and strength • Coordination and motor control • Flexibility • Endurance • Mental health and cognition • Decreases risk of falls • More interaction with people of all ages

13. Sarcopenia • Definition • Consequences • decreased in resting energy expenditure • decreased insulin sensitivity • diminished muscle strength • increased risk of disability and falls • increased risk for mortality

14. Recommendations • Older adults should engage: • in moderate intensity activity at least 150 minutes or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week • in strength activities 2 or more days per week. • in balance activity if they have risk for falls • Source: 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans

15. Physical Activity and Women • Why is this important? • Benefits • Decrease in specific diseases • Improved mental health and self esteem

16. Barriers http://www.free-stockphotos.com/images/stretching-woman.jpg

17. Activity for Low-income and Rural Women http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Da-En/Developing-Countries-Issues-in.html

18. Physical Activity and Young People • Why is this important? • Active children are more likely to grow up to be active adults. • Increased activity = positive health outcomes • Controlling weight • Decreasing blood pressure • Lessons risk of diabetes & some cancers • Reduces asthma symptoms and severity • Psycho-social benefits

19. Physical Activity and Young People • All children ages 2 and older should participate in at least 30 minutes of age appropriate physical activities every day. • 5-18 year olds should aim for a minimum of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day.

20. Definitions for Young People • Aerobic • Muscle Strengthening • Bone Strengthening

21. What activities count? • Moderate Intensity Aerobic Activities: • Children: • Bicycle riding • Walking • Active recreation • Adolescents: • Yard work or house work • Playing games involving catching/throwing • Brisk walking • Active recreation

22. What activities count? • Vigorous-Intensity Aerobic Activities: • Active games including running & chasing • Bicycling • Running • Vigorous Dancing • Sports (swimming, basketball, soccer)

23. What activities count? • Bone-Strengthening Activities: • Jumping, hopping, skipping • Running • Jumping rope • Sports: gymnastics, basketball, volleyball, futbol

24. Encouraging Physical Activity Among Young People • Adults as positive role models • Provide equipment • Encourage play with friends • Make activity part of family life • Require safety (bike helmets, wrist/knee pads, traffic issues, environmental considerations)

25. http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/images/

26. Summary Increasing Physical Activity across the lifespan and across the globe can significantly improve world health.

27. ContactInformation Michele Shaw, PhD, RN michele_shaw@wsu.edu Janet Purath, PhD, APRN, BC jpurath@wsu.edu