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Wind Turbine Wakes and Interference

Wind Turbine Wakes and Interference. R. Ganesh Rajagopalan Department of Aerospace Eng. Iowa State University. Research Needs in Wind Energy. Wind Turbines are Complex Aerodynamic Machines. The wind turbine wakes are unsteady and interact strongly with each other.

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Wind Turbine Wakes and Interference

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  1. Wind Turbine Wakes and Interference R. Ganesh Rajagopalan Department of Aerospace Eng. Iowa State University

  2. Research Needs in Wind Energy • Wind Turbines are Complex Aerodynamic Machines. • The wind turbine wakes are unsteady and interact strongly with each other. • The nature and shape of the terrain has significant impact on the performance of the turbines. • Need designs that survive 20 year fatigue loads • Turbines need to be stronger, smarter and less expensive

  3. Research Paradigm • Obtaining an engineering solution to the complex physics that dictates these multi-dimensional class of problems. • Need to produce solutions cost effectively, in a timely manner. • Modularize the problem to allow parallel development.

  4. Research Problem • Turbines are designed as individual turbines. • In an aerodynamically interacting environment their behavior and performance are not well understood. • Interactions must be simulated with a goal to understand the basic physics and optimize performance.

  5. Components of the Problem • The Resource: Turbulent Wind • The Turbine: Complex Rotating Blades with multiple degrees of freedom • The environment: Complex terrain • The Interaction: Unsteady wakes from different turbines.

  6. The Resource • Assume that the flow is unsteady and that the direction and magnitude are stochastic.

  7. The Terrain • Allow for body conforming grids to account for topography changes (large and small)

  8. The Rotating Blades • An Engineering to Model to allow simulation of many turbines operating in the vicinity.

  9. Basic Validation • Integrated Performance (Power Coefficient). • Forces and Moments as the blades rotate. • Wakes

  10. Multiple Turbine Interactions

  11. NREL Combined Experiment :Two HAWTs relative to each other • Considering only two NREL upwind rotors, without tower and nacelle • Relative distance : 4 * Diameter • Angle sweep: [0 to 90 deg] • Rot3dc solutions presented Iowa State University

  12. NREL Combined Experiment :Two HAWTs relative to each other Cases Tested Iowa State University

  13. NREL Combined Experiment :Two HAWTs (Vo = 10 m/s) Power Ratio vs. Angle between HAWTs (Psa = Power of a standalone HAWT under same conditions = 17.818 kW) Iowa State University

  14. NREL Combined Experiment :Two HAWTs (Vo = 10 m/s) Case B Y = 150 Case A Y = 00 Velocity magnitude in the wake Iowa State University

  15. NREL Combined Experiment :Two HAWTs (Vo = 10 m/s) Case B Y = 150 Case A Y = 00 Axial induced velocity on the rotor plane Iowa State University

  16. NREL Combined Experiment :Two HAWTs (Vo = 10 m/s) Case E Y = 600 Case C Y = 300 Axial induced velocity on the rotor plane Iowa State University

  17. Conclusions • Rot3dc : - accurate modeling of flows through HAWTs and VAWTS, including yaw effect • - validated against field test data • Interference studies : • - demonstration of Rot3dc as an effective tool for qualitative and • quantitative study of multiple turbine configurations • - Further studies with parametric variations of relative • distance and with an array of HAWTs required Iowa State University

  18. Future Research • Improve the cost of computation by smarter numerical algorithms. • Use modern hardware such as GPU to do parallel computation to decrease the simulation time. • Improve the physical representation of the turbines by allowing yaw based on wind conditions.

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