The Great War AKA World War I

1. The Great WarAKA World War I

2. Causes of World War I • Imperialism – the race of European Nations to establish colonies and their riches.

3. Causes of World War I • Bitterness Over Past Wars • Franco – Prussian War (1870-1871) Prussian, later Germany soundly defeat the French in this war. The provinces of Alsace and Lorraine are annexed by Germany • Russo-Japanese War –(1904-1905) Russian Army and Navy humiliated by the Japanese. Wants to regain respect. • The Balkan Wars – Balkan states such as Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece make a grab for Turkish (Ottoman Empire) territory. Austria – Hungary stops a grab by Serbia for Bosnia –Herzegovina.

4. Causes of World War I • Nationalism – nationalistic pride that our nation is better than yours. Leads to enormous buildup of new weapons and munitions • Germany and Italy were newly united peoples. • Austria Hungary made up of many national or ethnic groups. • Pan Slavism –with Russia at the lead, Slavic nations would unite as an alliance. • Massive mobilizations

5. Causes of World War I • Alliances • The Three Emperors League – Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Germany • The Triple Alliance – Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary • The Triple Entente – France, Russia, and somewhat hesitant Great Britain

6. MAIN • Militarism • Alliances • Imperialism • Nationalism

7. Causes of World War I • The Spark – the assassination of Arch – Duke Ferdinand of A-H and his wife Sophia • In Sarajevo on June 28, 1914 by a Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princep • An ultimatum given to Serbia, Serbia gave in some but not enough to satisfy A-H • All countries start to mobilize

9. The Outbreak • July 28 - Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia • July 29 - December 9Austria-Hungary repeatedly invades Serbia but is repeatedly repulsed • August 1 - Outbreak of warGermany declares war on Russia • August 3 - Germany declares war on France • August 4 - Germany invades neutral Belgium • August 4 - Britain declares war on Germany • August 4 - US President Woodrow Wilson declares policy of US neutrality

10. Road to War

11. The Road to War

12. The Road to War

13. The Road to War • The Sinking of the Luisitania with 128 Americans on board • The Sussex Pledge – Germans promised not to sink merchant ships without warning or interfere with attempts to save civilian lives • Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

14. The Road to War • The Zimmerman Note – Germany discusses unrestricted submarine warfare. Germany promises Mexico help in regaining lost territories from the united States. This was suppose to keep the U.S. out of the European war. • April 6, 1917 the U.S. declares war on the Central Powers ( Germany, Austria –Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire)

15. SLUTZ? • S • L • U • T • Z

16. New Weapon’s of Warfare • U-boats or submarines – highly effective for use in blockades • The machine guns- a defensive weapon that took a few men to operate, highly effective against infantry assaults • Zeppelins – lighter than air these balloons were used to monitor troop movements • Tanks – tracked armored vehicles used effectively by the British to protect their infantry

17. New Weapon’s of Warfare • Chemicals – Mustard and chlorine gases. Mustard gas was a blistering agent while chlorine attacked the respiratory system • Airplane – first used for reconnaissance, but later machine guns mounted and led to aerial attacks – “dogfights” • Flamethrower – projected a stream of liquid fire for distances of several hundred feet.