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Kunlun Mts. Himalayan Mts .

Physical Features. Gobi Desert. Kunlun Mts. Himalayan Mts. Huang He (Yellow) River Yangtze River. Middle Kingdom/ Ethnocentrism. Mountains & Deserts in the north & west & Pacific in the east isolated China from outsiders Ethnocentrism- China was the center of the world

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Kunlun Mts. Himalayan Mts .

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  1. Physical Features Gobi Desert Kunlun Mts. Himalayan Mts. Huang He (Yellow) River Yangtze River

  2. Middle Kingdom/ Ethnocentrism • Mountains & Deserts in the north & west & Pacific in the east isolatedChina from outsiders • Ethnocentrism-China was the center of the world • All foreigners were Barbarians • Lacked interest in foreign cultures

  3. Confucianism Founded by Confucius 6th Century B.C. • Texts – Analects/ writings of Confucius • Filial Piety Respect for elders • 5 relationships Father/son, Ruler/subject, husband/wife, older brother/ younger brother, friend/friend

  4. Taoism Founded by Lao-tzu 3rd century BC • Tao- “The Way” of the universe • Live in Harmony with nature • Balance between Ying & Yang • Rejected government

  5. Legalism • Highly powerful government is the key to social order • Punishment for offenses should be severe

  6. Buddhism Siddartha Gautama 5th Century BC • Eightfold Path, ethical behavior & good deeds (Meditation) • Ultimate goal is Nirvana

  7. Dynastic Cycles • Rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties • Mandate of Heaven- Rule by divine right.

  8. Han Dynasty • 210BC-220 AD • Legalism/confucianism • Centralized government • Civil Service Exam

  9. Chin Dynasty • 221BC-210BC • Legalism/ unified China • Shi Huangdi • Burned rival books/regulated coinage • Unified Great Wall of China

  10. Tang Dynasty • 618-907 AD • Revived Confucianism • Expanded Trade (Silk Road) connected china to the Middle East

  11. Mongol Rule • Ruled China from 1279-1368AD • Mongols- Invaders from the north • Led by Genghis Khan • China first experienced foreign rule under Kublai Khan • Opened China to foreign contacts (Marco Polo)

  12. Opium War • Conflict between England & China over Opium Trade • Chinese easily defeated & forced to sign Treaty of Nanking • Gave Britain Island of Hong Kong & extraterritoriality • Right to live under own laws

  13. Mao & the Rise of Communists • Sun Yixian establishes republic of China 1911 • 3 Principles Nationalism, Democracy, livelihood • Chiang Kai Shek takes over leadership of Kuomintang (Nationalists) 1925

  14. Taiwan- the Republic of China Peoples Republic of China Mainland

  15. Mao & the Rise of Communists Civil War between Nationalists & Communists Mao Zedong & Communist defeat Nationalists under Chiang Kai Shek (Taiwan)

  16. Mao & the Rise of Communists Great Leap Forward- Program to increase industrial & Agricultural Output (Collectivization) Cultural Revolution- Renewal of Loyalty to Communism & purge China of non revolutionary forces

  17. Legacy of Mao • Leaders after Mao are more moderate • UN membership in 1971 • President Nixon visits China in 1972 • US Recognizes China in 1979

  18. 4 Modernizations • Leader: Deng Xiaoping promoted foreign trade and contact with western World • 4 modernizations: Industry,Farming, • Science & technology, • Defense. • Eliminated communes

  19. Economic Reform: supported capitalist ideas but remained strongly Communist • Tiananmen Square- 1989 student uprising in May 1989 1000’s killed or wounded. 10,000 arrested • Human rights violations still a huge issue

  20. China in the 1990's • Leader Jiang Zemin (1997-today) • Economically open/ politically closed • Transfer of Hong Kong (1997) from British control • Agreed not to change Hong Kong’s political or economic system for 50 years

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