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Section 2.8

Section 2.8 . Naming Inorganic Compounds . Chemical Nomenclature. Naming system of substances Latin: Nomen ~ name Calare~ to call Two main categories: Organic and Inorganic. Inorganic Compound Rules. Ionic Compounds. Ionic Compounds. 1. Cations

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Section 2.8

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  1. Section 2.8 Naming Inorganic Compounds

  2. Chemical Nomenclature • Naming system of substances • Latin: • Nomen~ name Calare~ to call • Two main categories: • Organic and Inorganic

  3. Inorganic Compound Rules

  4. Ionic Compounds

  5. Ionic Compounds • 1. Cations • a) Same name as the metal they formed from: • Na+ sodium ion • b) Metals forming different cations: use Roman numerals in parentheses: • Fe2+ iron (II) ion • Fe 3+ iron (III) ion ~ Older method: -ous or –icending Fe2+ ferrous ion Fe3+ ferric ion

  6. Ionic Compounds • c) Cations formed from nonmetal atoms have names that end in –ium NH4+ ammonium ion H3O+hydronium ion

  7. Ionic Compounds • 2. Anions • a) Monoatomic anions are formed by replacing ending of name of element with –ide • O2- oxide • N3- nitride • b) Polyatomic anions contain oxygen (oxyanions) end in –ate or –ite • NO3- nitrate • NO2- nitrite

  8. Ionic Compounds • b) Polyatomic anions contain oxygen (oxyanions) end in –ate or –ite • -ite has one fewer O atoms than an –ate • NO3- nitrate • NO2- nitrite • Prefixes per- and –hypo are used when there are more than four members • ClO4-perchlorate • ClO3- chlorate • ClO2- chlorite • ClO- hypochlorite

  9. Ionic Compounds • c) Anions derived from adding H+ to an oxyanion: begin with either hydrogen or dihydrogen • CO32- carbonate • HCO3- hydrogen carbonate • PO43- phosphate • H2PO43-dihydrogen phosphate

  10. Ionic Compounds • 3. Compounds • Names consist of the cation name followed by the anion name • CaCl2 calcium chloride • AlPO3 aluminum phosphite • CuSO4 copper (II) sulfate

  11. Acids

  12. Acids • 1. With anions ending in –ide: change –ideto –ic, add the prefix hydro-, and follow with the word acid

  13. Acids • 2. With anions ending in –ate or –ite: • Change –ate to –ic • Change –ite to –ous • Add the word acid

  14. Molecular Compounds (Binary) • 1. Name the element farther to the left in the periodic table first. • 2. If both in same group, the one with the higher atomic number is named first. • 3. Name the second with an –ide ending • 4. Greek prefixes are used to indicate number of atoms of each element

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