A New Plan of Government

1. A New Plan of Government Problems would convince citizens that the government needs changes….

2. Where have we been? (not on your notes… just review!) Revolution Begins! April 19, 1775 Independence Declared ! July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation sent to the states for ratification in November 1777. The A of C ratification process was completed in March 1781. The Treaty of Paris was signed by U.S. and British Representatives on September 3, 1783 Shays’s Rebellion : August of 1786. The Constitutional Convention: On May 25, 1787, delegates from the various states meet in Philadelphia.

3. The Constitutional Convention (Philadelphia – 1787) (Pennsylvania State House or Independence Hall)

4. 55 delegates (planters, lawyers, governors, etc) • 26 college graduates!

5. No women, African or Native Americans

6. Washington chosen to preside over the convention

7. Why did the Constitutional Convention keep their proceedings a secret?

8. Check out all of the different opinions! Click on the website below! http://shaysrebellion.stcc.edu/shaysapp/scene.do?shortName=Nation

9. Answer: Proceedings were secret so delegates could speak their minds without fear of being attacked for their thoughts.

10. CHOICES… • I.THE VIRGINIA PLAN

11. I. THE VIRGINIA PLAN • Who? • Edmund Randolph • presented the plan • (tall, imposing) Governor of Virginia, Planter and Slave Holder, Lending and Investments, Real Estate and Land Speculation

12. (Virginia Plan: Continued) Consisted mostly of James Madison’s ideas. He believed in a strong but fair system of government.

13. Randolph proposes a Supreme National Government

14. CHOICES (Virginia Plan: Continued) • Two houses with both having (lower voted by people) • (upper voted by lower)

15. Each house has_____________ ___________ Representatives would be based on ___________ CHOICES (Virginia Plan: Continued) • Each house would have PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. Representatives would be based on POPULATION!

16. CHOICES (Virginia Plan: Continued) • PEOPLEREPS • Virginia • 747,610 • Massachusetts (Maine) • 378,787 96,540 • Pennsylvania • 434,373 • -North Carolina • 393,471 • -Delaware • 59,094 • Rhode Island • 68,825 • Georgia • 82,548 • - New Hampshire • 141,885 19 14 13 10 1 (33,000 people = 1 rep) The listed populations include all slaves, so the number of representatives would actually be more than what is listed for some states if all slaves were counted; all fractions were rounded down) 2 2 4

17. (Madison’s Virginia Plan…continued) • Based on a system of checks and balances:Each branch balances the other by checking against any abuse of power!

18. (The Virginia Plan continued) • Bicameral Legislature, Supreme Court and a President (chosen by the legislature)

19. THE NEW JERSEYPLAN WHO? Introduced by William Patterson (New Jersey)

20. THE NEW JERSEYPLAN a.k.a The Small State Plan

21. THE NEW JERSEY PLAN CONTINUED… • Small States wanted a one-house congress withequal representation.

22. CHOICES (New Jersey Plan: Continued) • PEOPLEREPS • Virginia • 747,610 • Massachusetts (Maine) • 378,787 96,540 • Pennsylvania • 434,373 • -North Carolina • 393,471 • -Delaware • 59,094 • Rhode Island • 68,825 • Georgia • 82,548 • - New Hampshire • 141,885 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

23. Large and small populated states are at a standstill… Discussions are heated! Some fear the Union will break apart… No one really fights like this.

24. How should we compromise?

25. Also known as the “The Connecticut Compromise”

26. -Under Franklin’s guidance and -Under Franklin’s guidance and -and Roger Sherman’s suggestions….. -and Roger Sherman’s suggestions…..

27. COMBINES THE NEW JERSEY AND • THE VIRGINIA PLANS

28. Gives EQUAL REPRESENTATION in the Senate • Based the representation in the House of Representatives on POPULATION

29. THE 3/5ths COMPROMISE • Northern states don’t want slaves to count in population. • Southern states do!

30. THE 3/5ths COMPROMISE MORE PEOPLE = MORE REPS = MORE SAY = MORE POWER

31. THE 3/5ths COMPROMISE Here is why… if we counted them all… • PEOPLEREPS • Virginia • 454,983 • 292,627 slaves • Maryland • 216,702 • 103,036 slaves • Massachusetts • 378,787 • NO slaves 13 8 6 3 11 0 (33,000 = 1 rep)

32. Slave Populations Census - 1790 Massachusetts - none New Hampshire - 158 Rhode Island - 952 Connecticut - 2,759 Pennsylvania - 3,737 Delaware - 8,887 New Jersey - 11,423 New York - 21,324 Georgia - 29,264 Maryland - 103,036 North Carolina - 100,572 South Carolina - 107,094 Virginia - 293,427

33. Think about if they put a tax on tobacco or sugar or indigo… Who would want it? Who wouldn’t? Would more representatives help one side get their way?

34. THE 3/5ths COMPROMISE MORE PEOPLE = MORE REPS = MORE SAY = MORE POWER

35. It is decided that every 5 slaves will be counted as 3 people toward population (which determines the House)

36. So… look at the extra reps the South would get if they use our scale! • PEOPLEREPS • Virginia • 292, 627 slaves • Maryland • 103,036 slaves • Massachusetts • NO slaves 5 1 (almost 2) 0

37. THE 3/5ths COMPROMISE • Neither side argues that the slaves should be able to vote!

38. Trading Slaves • Slaves can be traded for 20 years (after that congress limits)

39. Agreement was made to keep the southern states in the union

41. Work Finished SEPTEMBER 17, 1787.

42. Sent to states for approval!

43. 9 out of 13 approved! (New Hampshire is ninth)

44. WHAT DID AMERICA SHOW THE WORLD IN IT’S COMPLETE REVISION OF OUR NATIONAL GOVERNMENT? Major change can occur without violence!

45. The Constitution by Barry Faulkner National Archives, Washington, DC, 1936.