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Distributed Generation and CCCHP for Alaska

Distributed Generation and CCCHP for Alaska. Thomas Tanton T 2 & Associates June 17, 2010 Business of Clean Energy in Alaska. Summary. Technologies for DG and CHP Types of Prime Movers Sizes and Costs Applications Efficiency Improvements Fuels of Local Nature Infrastructure Benefits.

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Distributed Generation and CCCHP for Alaska

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  1. Distributed Generation and CCCHP for Alaska Thomas Tanton T2 & Associates June 17, 2010 Business of Clean Energy in Alaska

  2. Summary • Technologies for DG and CHP • Types of Prime Movers • Sizes and Costs • Applications • Efficiency Improvements • Fuels of Local Nature • Infrastructure Benefits

  3. What is Combined Heat and Power?

  4. Prime Movers • Reciprocating engines (5 kW-7 MW)  • Combustion turbines (500 kW-25 MW)  • Microturbines (25-500 kW)  • Backpressure Steam Turbines (50 kW and up) • Fuel cells (1 kW-10 MW)

  5. Reciprocating Engines • Currently Typical Village Application • Familiarity and Maint. Knowledge Infrastructure • ‘Easily’ Converted to Capture Heat • ‘Easily’ Converted to Alternative Fuel (e.g. biogas or biodiesel) • Can Be Noisy • Depending on Size ~$2500-5000/kw • Often Used in Alaska to “firm” wind • Fast but Not Immediate Response • Moderate Thermal to Electric

  6. Turbines • Range in Size from ~250kW to multi-megawatt • High quality heat for recovery • Approx. $1800-5000/kW: bigger cheaper • ~50% simple cycle efficiency

  7. Fuel Cells • Highest Available Efficiency (~65% elec. only) • $4000-10,000/kw • Depending on Cell Type Low Levels of High Quality Heat • Need for Trained Personnel • Silent • Power Conditioning Weak Link

  8. One Example of Local Sourced Fuels Commodities Markets 17 6 1 Municipal & Industrial Solid Waste (MSW) 9 Gate Receive/Reject: Green Waste, HHW, White Goods & Metals MRF Sorting Lines 16 Recycled Goods Post-Recycling Residuals 10 Energy Input 18 Woody Waste C&D 2 Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) 7 19 ADC 11 3 Bio-Fuel Clean Organics 20 Compost & Mulch 4 21 12 Extraction 22 Sanitary Landfill (SLF) 8 Energy Markets 5 Rejected Loads: Refuse / Return Generation 13 23 Emissions: Air & Water 14 Flare 24 Final Land Disposal 15 Loss

  9. Alaska Opportunities • Biomass and Fish Processing waste prevalent • Some of the easiest to gasify for use in any prime mover (fuel cells req. cleanup more than others) • With CCHP, fish processers can be more self sufficient wrt energy

  10. Infrastructure Benefits • DE can ensure greater power quality, reduce vulnerability of the grid, and increase self sufficiency. • Reduce Infrastructure costs—less TL • Reduce Infrastructure Vulnerability • Retrofit Existing village engines to district heat

  11. Summary • Use of Expanded and Retrofit Distributed CCHP Provides Dramatic Efficiency Improvements and Improved Vulnerability • Many Villages would Benefit from Retrofitting to District Heat • Alaska’s biomass and fishery industry provide excellent feedstocks for expanded DG

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