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EFFECT OF PRELIMINARY WASHING ON CRYSTALWARE

This study examines the impact of preliminary washing on crystalware. Various prewashing cycles were tested for bottles and small hollowware, with a focus on lead leaching. Results show significant reductions in lead leaching with vinegar-based prewashing cycles.

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EFFECT OF PRELIMINARY WASHING ON CRYSTALWARE

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  1. EFFECT OF PRELIMINARY WASHING ON CRYSTALWARE Prepared by Giancarlo Boschi (Calp) Presented byRino Visentin (Calp) 13th ICF TECHNICAL EXCHANGE CONFERENCE

  2. INDEX • 1) THE STARTING POINT: ICF RECOMMENDATIONS • 2) BOTTLES 2.1Type of products 2.2Prewashing cycle 2.3Test results • 3) SMALL HOLLOWWARE 3.1 Type of products 3.2 Prewashing cycles 3.3 Test results • 4) COMMENTS

  3. From ICF CONSUMER’S CARE AND USE GUIDE FOR FINE CRYSTAL Page 4 PREPARING TO USE YOUR CRYSTAL FOR THE FIRST TIME “Before using new crystal storage vessels, such as decanters and pitchers, observe the following steps. • A) Fill with a room temperature solution of 50% vinegar or citric acid ( i.e. lemon juice) and 50% water. • B) Let stand for 24 hours. • C) Empty and rinse with warm water. “

  4. ICF RECOMMENDATION IS CLEAR FOR BOTTLES AND DECANTERS, AND IT CAN BE CONSIDERED “APPLICABLE” (CONSUMER DOES NOT BUY MORE THAN 1 o 2 BOTTLES PER TIME) • ICF DOES NOT GIVE EXPLICITELY A SIMILAR RECOMMENDATION FOR TUMBLERS AND STEMWARE • CALP HAS TESTED: BOTTLES according to ICF recommendations SMALL HOLLOWARE after 4 different pre-washing cycles

  5. BOTTLES • ‘ICF’ Pre-washing : 24 hours contact time with a 50% vinegar solution • Tested Bottles: ‘new’ and ‘automatic production’ ISO Test : 113 gr/L SA/V = 0.62 cm-1 • pH Whisky = 3.9 Whisky Volume : 700 ml

  6. Pb Leaching into whisky after 1 year contact time • ORDINARY BOTTLES 426 gr/L • PRE-WASHED BOTTLES 7 gr/L

  7. COMMENTS • The pre-washing cycle recommended by ICF results to be very effective • Its application is relatively simple, although we can doubt that a contact time of 24 hours is applied by the Consumer • The effect of a shorter contact time (i.e. 2 hours) could be investigated in order to evaluate the effect of a simpler (shorter) pre-washing cycle

  8. Pre-washing Cycles for Small Hollowware • Type 1) DISHWASHING WITHOUT VINEGAR • Type 2) HAND WASHING WITHOUT VINEGAR • Type 3) DISHWASHING WITH VINEGAR • Type 4) HAND WASHING WITH VINEGAR

  9. Pre-washing Cycles for Small Hollowware DISHWASHINGWITHOUT VINEGAR (Type 1) • 1) WASHING CYCLE AT 60°C AND pH = 10 • 1) RINSING CYCLE TOTAL TIME: 30’ HAND WASHING WITHOUT VINEGAR (Type 2) • 1) HAND WASHING AT 50°C AND pH = 9.3 • 1) RINSING CYCLE TOTAL TIME: 30’’

  10. Pre-washing Cycles for Small Hollowware DISHWASHINGWITH VINEGAR (Type 3) ADDING 150cc OF VINEGAR TO THE MACHINE AFTER HAVING FILLED IT WITH WATER (6 LT): VINEGAR CONCENTRATION = 2.5% VOL. pH WASHING WATER = 4.4 HAND WASHING WITH VINEGAR (Type 4) ADDING 150cc OF VINEGAR SO AS TO HAVE: VINEGAR CONCENTRATION = 2.5% VOL. pH WASHING WATER = 4.3

  11. TESTED PRODUCTS • HAND MADE VODKA TUMBLER(Model A) SA/ V - 1,213 cm-1 SA - 92,20 cm2 V - 76 cm3 24 H ISO TEST = 1098µgr/LitrePb • AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION WINE STEMWARE(Model B) SA/ V - 0,889 cm-1 SA - 126,25 cm2 V - 142 cm3 24 H ISO TEST = 256µgr/LitrePb Both products have been tested several months after their production: “aged” products.

  12. TEST RESULTS In order to simplify the test protocol, all Lead leaching tests have been carried out for 2 hours contact time, instead of the 24 hours prescribed by ISO 7086. The test results are reported using the following identification criteria: Model of glassware under test ( A or B) Type of prewashing ( 1, 2, 3, or 4; number 0 identifies the 2 hours ISO test without pre-washing) In the following slides the reference values are shown as A0 and B0. All data are the average of 2 samples

  13. LEAD LEACHING 24 hrs ISO TEST • HAND MADE (A) 1098gr/Litre • AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION (B) 256gr/Litre

  14. 24 hrs LEAD LEACHING ISO TEST VS 2 hrs LEAD LEACHING TEST • HAND MADE (A) 1098gr/Litre ( ISO test ) • HAND MADE (A0) 639gr/Litre (2 hrs) = 58% of ISO • AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION (B) 256 gr/Litre ( ISO test ) • AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION (B0) 198gr/Litre (2 hrs) = 77% of ISO

  15. Pre-washing Type1Dishwashing without vinegar (A1-B1) • A0 639gr/Litre • A1 412gr/Litre • B0198gr/Litre • B1 133gr/Litre There is a Lead leaching reduction of about 1/3

  16. Pre-washing Type2Hand washing without vinegar (A2 - B2) • A0639gr/Litre • A2618gr/Litre • B0198gr/Litre • B2 192gr/Litre There is no reduction in Lead leaching

  17. Pre-washing Type3Dishwashing with vinegar (A3 -B3) • A0 639gr/Litre • A3 98gr/Litre • B0198gr/Litre • B316gr/Litre There is a strong reduction in Lead leaching

  18. Pre-washing Type4Hand washing with vinegar (A4 -B4) • A0 639gr/Litre • A4 211 gr/Litre • B0 198gr/Litre • B4 53gr/Litre There is a strong reduction in Lead leaching

  19. Summary Hand made product • A0639gr/Litre • A2 618gr/Litre • A1412gr/Litre= 64 % A0 • A4 211gr/Litre = 33 % A0 • A398gr/Litre = 15 % A0 Only the Type 2 Pre-washing is ineffective

  20. Summary Automatic production • B0 198gr/Litre • B2192gr/Litre • B1 133gr/Litre = 67 % B0 • B453gr/Litre = 27 % B0 • B316gr/Litre = 8 % B0 Only the Type 2 Pre-washing is ineffective

  21. Comparison Automatic / Hand made production • B0198gr/Litre • B2192gr/Litre • B1 133gr/Litre = 67% B0 • B4 53gr/Litre = 27% B0 • B316gr/Litre = 8% B0 • A0 639gr/Litre • A2618gr/Litre • A1 412gr/Litre = 64%B0 • A4 211gr/Litre = 33% B0 • A398gr/Litre = 15% B0

  22. COMMENTS The pre-washing cycles applied to tumblers : • are less effective than the ICF cycle, applied to Bottles, that gives excellent results • are simple and can significantly reduce leaching at the first contact • An acidic pre-washing is recommended for all hollowware.

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