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Human Reproduction

Explore the structures and functions of male and female reproductive systems, the integrated action of hormones, the role of gonads, and the functions of male and female reproductive hormones.

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Human Reproduction

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  1. Human Reproduction Expected Outcomes

  2. Male Reproductive System • identifying the structures of the male reproductive system and describing their functions; • testes, scrotum, semineferous tubules, epididymis, sperm duct (vas deferens), cowpers (bulbourethral) gland, seminal vesicle, prostate, urethra

  3. Female Reproductive System • identifying the structures of the female reproductive system and describing their functions; • ovary, follicles, oviduct (fallopian tube), uterus, endometrium, cervix, vagina

  4. Human Reproduction • Employs internal fertilization • Depends on the integrated action of: • Hormones • The nervous system • The reproductive system.

  5. Gonads are sex organs that produce gametes. • Male gonads are the testes • Produce sperm and male sex hormones • Female gonads are the ovaries • Produce eggs (ova) and female sex hormones

  6. Male HormonesA review • 6 hormones • (GnRH) Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) • Luteinizing hormone (LH) • Andosterone • Testosterone • Inhibin

  7. GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE (GnRH) • released by the hypothalamus • tells the pituitary to release LH and FSH • ultimately controls sperm production and testosterone levels

  8. FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH): • released by the anterior pituitary • stimulates the production of sperm in the seminiferous tubules of the testes

  9. LSH • released by the anterior pituitary • stimulates the production of sperm in the seminiferous tubules of the testes

  10. ANDOSTERONE • less abundant and less effective than testosterone • made by interstitial cell in the testes

  11. Testosterone • made in the interstitial cells • stimulates secondary sex characteristics in males • helps stimulate spermatogenesis in the testes (with FSH) • associated with sex drive

  12. Inhibin • released by sertoli cells when they are low on nutrients to feed developing sperm cells • acts as a negative feedback, goes to brain to slow the release of FSH and GnR

  13. Female HormonesA review • Female reproductive hormones arise from the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary, and the ovaries (Total 8) • Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Hormone (HCGH) • Estrogen (Estradiol) • FSH – Follicle stimulating hormone • GnRF (also GnRH) Gonadotropin-Releasing Factor (hormone) • Oxytocin • Luteinizing Hormone • Prolactin • Progesterone

  14. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Hormone (HCGH) • Source – developing embryo and placenta • Target – ovary • Function – maintains progesterone levels by maintaining corpus leuturn

  15. Estrogen • Source cells • follicle cells of the ovary (and later the corpus luteum) • Placenta, during pregnancy • Target – mostly the uterus • Function – stimulates secondary sex characteristics and building of endometrium

  16. FSH • Released by the anterior pituitary • Targets ovaries - stimulates oogenesis

  17. Luteinizing Hormone • Source - anterior pituitary • Target - follicle in ovary • Causes ovulation – controls the release of hormones by ovary

  18. GnRH • Source – hypothalamus • Target - anterior pituitary • Stimulates (via positive feedback) the release of LH and FSH

  19. Oxytocin • Produced by posterior pituitary and uterus (during pregnancy) • Target – Uterus (causes contractions) and mammary glands (milk release)

  20. Progesterone • Source – follicle and corpus leuteum (and placenta) • Target – endometrium • Stimulates maturation of uterine lining.

  21. Prolactin • Source - anterior pituitary • Targets - Ovary, mammary, brain • Promotes milk production, maintains production of estrogen and progesterone, stimulates production of new brain cells in fontal lobes ( associated with smell)

  22. Task – label the diagrams

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