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GSDI 6: From Global to Local Budapest, Hungary 18 September 2002 Karen D. Kline

Who Actually Uses this Stuff? A Quantitative Analysis of Global Map and Other Global Data Set Users. GSDI 6: From Global to Local Budapest, Hungary 18 September 2002 Karen D. Kline International Steering Committee for Global Mapping Department of Geography

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GSDI 6: From Global to Local Budapest, Hungary 18 September 2002 Karen D. Kline

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  1. Who Actually Uses this Stuff?A Quantitative Analysis of Global Map and Other Global Data Set Users GSDI 6: From Global to Local Budapest, Hungary 18 September 2002 Karen D. Kline International Steering Committee for Global Mapping Department of Geography University of California, Santa Barbara

  2. Implications • Enormous expenditures on data collection and development • Are these products really useful? • For what purposes? • Data distribution policies are currently being written for various products • Commercial use argument • Distribution of data via internet allows user information to be collected GSDI 6

  3. User Model Definition “User modeling involves inferring unobservable information about a user from observable information about him/her, e.g., his/her actions or utterances.” Zukerman and Albrecht, (2001), “Predictive Statistical Models for User Modeling”, User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 11: 5-18. GSDI 6

  4. Types of User Models • The cognitive processes that underlie a user’s actions; • The differences between the user’s skills and expert skills; • The user’s behavioral patterns; or • The user’s characteristics. Webb, Pazzani and Billsus, (2001), “Machine Learning for User Modeling”, User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 11: 19-29. GSDI 6

  5. Previous User Model Studies • EOSDIS User Model Effort • European and Asian Satellite Remote Sensing Applications • Global Land Cover Characteristics GSDI 6

  6. Groups Members represent the respective community Results from discussion June 1995 Butler, D., J. E. Estes, et al., Eds. (1998). Proceedings of the EOSDIS Potential User Group Development Effort. Washington, DC, NASA. 12 Groups: Retrospective Research Field Campaigns and Individual Data Providers Persistent Information Production for Research Scientific Environmental Assessment Commercial Users Operational Users Resource Managers and Planners Policy Formulation and Decision Making Legal Community K-14 Educators and Students Collegiate and Professional Education Libraries, Press, and Public EOSDIS User Model GSDI 6

  7. User Group User Population1 Use Intensity2 User Resources3 User Activities4 Desired EOSDIS Functionality and Capabilities5 Retrospective Research  Broad  (1-5)  Medium (>100)  High/High  General  Some changes desired Field Campaigns and Individual Data Providers  General  (1-5)  Low (>100)  High/High  General  Some changes desired Persistent Information Production for Research  Specialized (<50)  High  (1-5)  High/High  Focused  Some changes desired Scientific Environmental Assessment  Specialized (1-5)  High  (1-5)  High/High  Broad  Some changes required Commercial Users  General (1-5)  High  (>100)  High/High  Broad  No change required Operational Users  Widespread (>100)  High  (>100)  High/High  Broad  Some changes desired Resource Managers and Planners  Broad  (5-50)  High  (5-20)  Medium/Medium  General  Some changes desired Policy Formulation and Decision Making  General  (50-100)  Medium  (5-20)  Medium/ High  Focused  Some changes desired Legal Community  General  (1-5)  Low  (5-20)  Low/Low  Narrow  Some changes desired K-14 Educators and Students  Widespread  (5-20)  Low  (20-100)  Low/Low  Focused  Some changes required Collegiate and Professional Education  Widespread  (5)  High  (>100)  High/High  Broad  Some changes desired Low (5-20)  Low/Low  Broad  Some changes required Broad (5-100) [Libraries/Press] Widespread [Public]  Libraries, Press, and the Public  EOSDIS User Model Results GSDI 6 1 User Population: specialized (user population less than 500); general (500-10,000); broad (10,000-50,000); widespread (> 50,000) in x number of user groups given in parentheses.2 Intensity of Use: Demands on EOSDIS (none, low, medium, or high) as well as numbers of different applications within each given in parentheses.3 User Resources: Human resources available (none, low, medium, or high) and infrastructure resources available (none, low, medium, or high).4 User Activities: Narrow range of user activities (few in number); focused (some/specialized activities); general (more/diverse activities); broad (many activities).5 EOSDIS Functionality: No change necessary; Some changes desired; Some changes required; Extensive changes required.

  8. European/Asian RS Applications • Personal interviews and literature review • Based upon categories used in the Potential Commercial Applications of EOSDIS Data (Lawless, 1996) GSDI 6

  9. Results of Survey & Literature Review: Europe and Asia GSDI 6 • Hadley, B. C., J. E. Estes, et al. (2000). European and Asian Satellite Remote Sensing Applications: A Literature Review and Analysis. Santa Barbara, University of California: 172.

  10. GLCC Survey • Methods for Gathering User Input • Informal communication • On-line registration form • User feedback survey Brown, J. F., T. R. Loveland, et al. (1999). "The Global Land-Cover Characteristics Database: The Users' Perspective." Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing65(9): 1069-1074. GSDI 6

  11. GLCC Survey • User On-line Registration • Started user registration with prototype versions of North America, South America, and Africa (early 1996) • Format has remained the same • Basic information about user • Contact information • Geographic of interest • Application Brown, J. F., T. R. Loveland, et al. (1999). "The Global Land-Cover Characteristics Database: The Users' Perspective." Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing65(9): 1069-1074. GSDI 6

  12. Why these data sets? • User information collected via the internet when data set downloaded • Organizations released user information to UCSB/RSRU • All are based on different continents • All created for different purposes UNEP/GRID | Global Map | GLCC GSDI 6

  13. Information to be Used • Location of the user • At the country and continent level • Domain of the user (ie, education, government) • Application • For what purpose will the data set be used? • Scale of the application • Local, regional, global • Information either clearly decipherable or must be inferred by looking at email addresses, physical addresses, other provided information GSDI 6

  14. Agriculture Air Quality Economic development and conservation Emergency management Fisheries Forestry Geology Information and intelligence Land use and land cover Mapping, charting and geodesy Marine Media, press and education Public health Rangeland Recreation and tourism Transportation Urban and regional planning Water quality Water resources Weather and climate Application Categories GSDI 6

  15. GPS applications Reference Wetlands Elevation and topography Soil Modeling (carbon cycle, global change) Software development, testing, and demonstration Research (no other details given) Law and policy Archaeology Application Categories(New Additions) GSDI 6

  16. Global Land Cover Characteristics • User information form filled out prior to downloading, information sent via email to USGS/EDC staff, registration information entered into excel file • Dates: • February 10, 1999 • December 17, 2001 • 1108 entries examined to date (complete) GSDI 6

  17. UNEP/GRID • Arendal: • Tracks requests using Microsoft Access; information not necessarily submitted via web form • Geneva: • Tracked information until recently; log information received • WebTrends software used to monitor website activity at Arendal and Tbilisi sites • Arendal Users: • Dates: • January 5, 2000 • June 18, 2001 • 671 entries examined to date (Arendal completed) • Geneva data not examined yet GSDI 6

  18. 4 January 2000 to 18 June 2001

  19. Global Map Data Sets Released To Date: • Registration process: • Fill online form • Receive account and password • Download data • Dates: • November 28, 2000 • August 31, 2002 • 1372 entries examined to date • Data sets used: • Australia, Colombia, Japan, Laos, Nepal, Panama, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand GSDI 6

  20. Issues • English not the first language for all users • Same information not necessarily collected for the three data sets • Consistency in use of descriptive terms not guaranteed GSDI 6

  21. Next Steps… • Finish locating user data • Explore data • Pivot tables and charts • Parallel coordinate plots • Statistical analysis • χ2 calculation • Measure for dependence GSDI 6

  22. Acknowledgements Tom Loveland, Jess Brown, Stephen Howard (EROS Data Center) Tim Foresman, Mick Wilson, Lawrence Hislop, Ron Witt, Hy Dao (UNEP) Minoru Akiyama, Hiroshi Une, Hiroshi Masaharu, Eiji Murakami, Hidenori Fujimura (Global Map/GSI) John Kelmelis, USGS; Peter Holland, AUSLIG; Claude Luzet, EuroGeographics; Santiago Borrero-Mutis, IGAC Keith C. Clarke, Michael F. Goodchild, Leal A.K. Mertes, K. Eric Anderson RSRU: Joseph Scepan, Greg Husak, Tamuka Magadzire, Kevin Knight, Martin Herold, Jeff Hemphill, Brian Hadley, and Jack Estes Geography Research: Nancy Ponce, Beilei Zhang, Connie Padilla, Kathleen Gordon Support provided by: • US DOI 00HQAG0018 Global Mapping Project • NASA NAG5-10457 Remote Sensing Information Science Research GSDI 6

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