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Animal Studies. Invertebrates. All living things…. Use energy Grow and develop Have a life span Adjust to the environment Reproduce Look like their parents Respond to stimuli Made of cells Highly organized structure. Organizing Living Things. Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia
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Animal Studies Invertebrates
All living things… • Use energy • Grow and develop • Have a life span • Adjust to the environment • Reproduce • Look like their parents • Respond to stimuli • Made of cells • Highly organized structure
Organizing Living Things • Eukarya • Animalia • Chordata • Mammalia • Primata • Hominidae • Homo • Sapien • Eukarya • Animalia • Chordata • Mammalia • Carnivora • Felidae • Pantera • Leo • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species
Eukaryota Domain • 4 Kingdoms: • Protists • Fungi • Plants • Animal
Which of the following is not an animal? B A C D G F E J H I
What makes an organism an animal? • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophic • Multi-cellular • No cell walls
The animal kingdom can be dividedinto 9 smaller groups. Each group is called a phylum.
Pay attention to… • Animal body plan • Embryo development • Symmetry • Tissue layers • Gas exchange • How does the animal get oxygen? • Food intake • How does the animal get its food?
Embryo development Egg and Sperm – sex cells Zygote – fertilized egg Blastula – hollow ball of cells Gastrula – beginning of digestive tract
Body Symmetry • Asymmetrical – no symmetry • Radial– infinite lines of symmetry • Bilateral – one line of symm. (2 equal halves)
First Question • Does the animal have true tissue? No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Sponges are sessile(spend their adult lives attached to rocks)
Body Plan: • Porifera = “pore-bearer” • No true tissue • Asymmetrical • Gas Exchange • Ocean currents travel through pores providing dissolved oxygen to the sponge’s cells • Food intake • Currents also bring in bacteria and small food particles for the sponge
Water enters the small pores of a sponge, travels through canals, and exits through a large hole at the top of the sponge.
Sponge vocab • Osculum – large opening where water exits • Spongocoel – cavity in center of sponge • Choanocyte – cells with flagella to help current through the sponge
Sponge videos • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VC3tAtXdaik • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RmPTM965-1c • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7E1rq7zHLc
Second Question • Does the animal have bilateral symmetry? No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Tissue Layers • Endoderm – inner tissue layer • Ectoderm – outer tissue layer • Mesoderm – middle tissue layer
Body Plan: • 2 cell layers (tissue) • Outer layer is protective • Inner layer is digestive • Radial Symmetry • Two body plans • Polyp – tentacles facing up • Medusa – tentacles hanging down
Tentacles with stinging cells • Cnidocytes – stinging cells • Nematocyst – capsule in Cnidocytes that holds a coiled barb and poison
Polyp (sea anemone) Medusa (jellyfish)
Gas Exchange • Similar to sponges, individual cells absorb their own oxygen • Food intake • Cnidarians catch prey in their tentacles • Food goes in space between the inner cell layer called the gastrovascular cavity • Enzymes break down food
Cnidarians also have a simple nervous system • Stimuli response and movement • Reproduction • Sponges may reproduce asexually by budding or fragmentation • They can also reproduce sexually by releasing sperm and eggs into the water
Cnidaria Videos • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbpB5F9CcLc • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLmShVvnQWg • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOf2RRmSkgQ
Tissue Layers • Endoderm – inner tissue layer • Ectoderm – outer tissue layer • Mesoderm – middle tissue layer
Coelom – body cavity surrounded by mesoderm tissue • Acoelom – no body cavity • Pseudocoelom – body cavity not completely surrounded by mesoderm
Third question • Does the animal have a coelom? No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Body Plan: • True tissue (all three forms) • Bilateral symmetry • Start to see a “head” formation • No body cavity • Two types of flatworms: • Free-living (planaria) • Parasitic (tapeworms and flukes)
Gas Exchange • breathe by diffusion, so no cell can be too far from the outside, making a flattened shape necessary. • Food intake • Parasitic flatworms get nutrients from host organism • Free-living flatworms have a mouth “straw” that draws in food into a branched gastrovascular cavity
The worms in this phylum are all very thin and flat. parasitic liver fluke
Reproduction • Sexual repro. • male and female organisms come together • Asexual repro. • one organism has both male and female parts (hermaphrodite) • regeneration
Platyhelminthes Videos • http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=planaria • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXN_5SPBPtM • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZQ-dLBfCsU • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bb32g02IIs8
Fourth question • Does the animal have a true coelom? No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No