Podpora rozvoje cizích jazyků pro Evropu 21. stol.

1. Podpora rozvoje cizích jazyků pro Evropu 21. stol. INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.

2. RASTAFARI MOVEMENT • Rastafari is not a highly organized religion • it is a movement and an ideology • many Rastas say that it is not a "religion" at all, but a "Way of Life" • most Rastas do not claim any sect or denomination, and thus encourage one another to find faith and inspiration within themselves, although some do identify strongly with one of the

3. the three most prominent of these being the Nyahbinghi, the Bobo Ashanti and the Twelve Tribes of Israel, mansions of rastafary • new religious movement that arose in a Christian culture in Jamaica in the 1930s

4. the Rastafari movement encompasses themes such as the spiritual use of cannabis and the rejection of western society (called Babylon, in reference more to the metaphoric Babylon of Christianity than to the historical Mesopotamian city-state) • it proclaims Africa as the original birthplace of mankind, and embraces various Afrocentric social and political aspirations

5. such as the sociopolitical views and teachings of Jamaican publicist, organizer, and black nationalist Marcus Garvey (also often regarded as a prophet)

6. the Rastafari movement has spread throughout much of the world • largely through interest generated by reggae music • the most notable example is Jamaican singer and songwriter Bob Marley (died 1981) • by 1997, there were around one million Rastafari faithful worldwide • about five to ten percent of Jamaicans identify themselves as Rastafari

7. there are two types of Rasta religious ceremonies - Reasoning and Groundation • a reasoning is a simple event where the Rastas gather, smoke cannabis ("ganja"), and discuss ethical, social, and religious issues • the person honored by being allowed to light the herb says a short prayer beforehand, and the ganja is passed in a clockwise fashion except in time of war when it is passed counterclockwise

8. a "groundation" (or "grounation") or "binghi" is a holy day; • the name "binghi" is derived from "Nyabinghi", believed to be an ancient, and now extinct, order of militant blacks in eastern Africa that vowed to end oppression • Binghis are marked by much dancing, singing, feasting, and the smoking of ganja, and can last for several days

9. in public gatherings, Rastafari often say the following standard prayer, with several variants, comparable to the Lord´s prayer • many Rastas eat limited types of meat in accordance with the dietary Laws of the Old Testament • they do not eat shellfish or pork • others abstain from all meat and flesh whatsoever

10. asserting that to touch meat is to touch death, and is therefore a violation of the Nazirite vow • a few make a special exception allowing fish, while abstaining from all other forms of flesh • the prohibition against meat only applies to those who are currently fulfilling a Nazirite vow ("Dreadlocks Priesthood"), for the duration of the vow. Many Rastafari maintain a vegan or vegetarian diet all of the time

11. food approved for Rastafari is called ital • The purpose of fasting (abstaining from meat and dairy) is to cleanse the body in accordance to serving in the presence of the "Ark of the Covenant" • usage of alcohol is also generally deemed unhealthy to the Rastafari way of life, partly because it is seen as a tool of Babylon to confuse people, and partly because placing something that is pickled and fermented within

12. oneself is felt to be much like turning the body (the Temple) into a "cemetery". • the wearing of dreadlocks is very closely associated with the movement, though not universal among, or exclusive to, its adherents • Rastas maintain that locks are supported by Leviticus 21:5 ("They shall not make baldness upon their head, neither shall they shave off the corner of their beard, nor make any cuttings in the flesh.")

13. The Rastafarian colours of red, gold and green (sometimes also including black) are very commonly sported on Rastafarian flag, badges, posters etc • It is suggested that they originate from the red, black and green of the Marcus Garvey movement, in combination with the gold of the Jamaican flag, and/or in reference to the colours of the Ethiopian flag. Red is said to signify the blood of Black Jamaican martyrs,

14. green the lushness of the Ethiopan and/or Jamaican countryside, and gold the wealth of Africa

15. INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ Tato výuková prezentace byla pořízena z finančních prostředků hrazených Evropským sociálním fondem a rozpočtem České republiky. Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.