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Neutrino Physics & Astrophysics : Overview

Explore the world of neutrino physics, from the Standard Model to neutrino sources and experiments, revealing the mysteries of matter and interactions in particle physics and cosmology. Learn about historical neutrino milestones and cutting-edge research shaping the future of physics. Join the journey of understanding the smallest yet most intriguing particles in the universe.

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Neutrino Physics & Astrophysics : Overview

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  1. Neutrino Physics & Astrophysics : Overview • Particle Physics & Cosmology • Neutrino Physics: WHY • Neutrino Physics: HOW • Anomalous Results/New Physics • Future Projects Henry T. Wong / 王子敬 Academia Sinica / 中央研究院 @ Beijing / 北京 April 02

  2. Standard Model of Particle Physics • What are the fundamental building blocks of Matter ?? • How do they interact among themselves ??

  3. Matter & Interactions The “Standard Model” of Particle Physics

  4. Building Blocks of Matter Nuclei & Atoms Everything

  5. Particle Physics & Cosmology …. are related ……..

  6. Accelerator Experiments

  7. Neutrino Physics Road-Map Grand Unified Theories (GUT) L(n-mass)0 Structures & Compositions of Universe mn’s;Uij’s 0 • n-Oscil. • mn’s • n-decays • 0nbb • b-spect.dist. • anomal. int. • ………. Particle Physics Cosmology Nuclear Physics Astrophysics n’s as Probe

  8. Neutrino Physicist :

  9. Neutrino Quotes ……. • “Today I did something which one should never do in theoretical physics: I explained something which is not understood with the help of something which cannot be observed …….” Wolfgang Pauli 1930 • “The neutrino is the SMALLEST bit of material reality ever concived of by man.” Reines & Cowen 1956 • “The neutrino is a piece of nothing that spins.” Unknown Author • “Neutrino physics is largely an art of learning a great deal by observing nothing.” Haim Harari 1988

  10. Neutrino History • 1914: continuous b-spectra (Chadwick) • 1930: postulation of neutrinos (Pauli) • 1934: theory of b-decay (Fermi) calculation of s(np) (Bethe,Peierls) • 1956: observartion reactor ne(Reines,Cowan) • 1957: measurement of n helicity (Goldhaber) • 1962: discovery of accelerator nm(BNL) • 1968: observation of solar neutrinos (Davis) • 1974: discovery of weak neutral currents (CERN) • 1987: observation of supernova SN1987a n’s (IMB,Kamiokande) • 1989: three families of light neutrinos (CERN) • 1998: evidence of atmospheric neutrino oscillation (Super-Kamiokande, …) • 2000: observation of nt(Fermilab) • 2001: evidence solar neutrino oscillation (SNO+SK+GALLEX ……)

  11. Neutrino Sources Observed window • n‘s everywhere: 300 per c.c. • from sun, supernovae, cosmic rays, reactors, accelerators, astrophysical sources, & relic Big Bang …

  12. Solar Neutrinos Atmospheric Neutrinos

  13. Cross Sections Strong Electro-magnetic • Challenges of Neutrino Experiments : “How to Beat the Small Cross-Section?” i.e.By building Massive Detectors  while keeping cost/background Low ! Weak l(H2O)  250 light years !

  14. Super-Kamionkande ※ Water Cerenkov detector: 5k tons, viewed by 11,000+=50 cm PMTs in 1000 m underground site in central Japan ※ Physics: solar n, atmospheric n long baseline accelerator n, proton decays ..

  15. Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) ※ Heavy Water Cerenkov detector: 1k ton, shielded by 7k ton of water viewed by 9456 PMTs located 2000 m underground in Canada. ※ Physics: Solar n …

  16. KEK-SuperK (K2K) Accelerator n Flight path 250 km

  17. KamLAND ※ Long Baseline Reactor n Oscillation  1 kton liquid scintillator in Japan

  18. Three Families of Neutrino Mixing The Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (MNS) matrix : atmospheric solar Possible CP Violation in n Sector:

  19. Dm2 –  : Summary

  20. Fermilab: NuMI to MINOS CERN: CNGS to Gran Sasso Both with 750 km baseline …..

  21. IceCube – km3n Telescope ※ To detect high energy n’s South Pole AMANDA IceCube

  22. Neutrino Factory with Muon Storage Ring • ne & nm + anti-n’s, control & selectable • intense source • known spectra • precision measurements of Dm2 and ij • search of CP violation • need O(1000 km) baseline • BIG projects !!!

  23. Summary & Outlook • Neutrinos are strange objects • Strong evidenceS of massive neutrinos and finite mixing Physics Beyond the Standard Model ! • More experiments & projects coming up EVEN MORE EXCITEMENT ! TEXONO is also a part of it

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