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Introduction

Explore the evolution of information systems and user roles, from the initiation stage to mature systems. Learn about the stages of DP growth, the waves of technology, and the evolution of application functionality.

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Introduction

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  1. Introduction

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  3. Examples • American airlines • Baxter • Mrs. Field Coockies • Open Market

  4. Citation There is nothing more difficult to plan , more doubtful of success, nor more dangerous to manage than the creation of a new system. For the initiator has the enmity of all who would profit by the preservation of the old system and merely lukewarm defenders in those who would gain by the new one. Machiavelli, 1513

  5. Company • company not the same anymore • information system became strategic • quality requirements finally stated • management at all levels involved • Global knowledge management

  6. IT - departments • Not the same anymore • much larger action radius • role of the central system has changed • hardware within the budget of a department • required knowledge not pure technical anymore

  7. User • Not the same anymore either • not doing his first IT-project • got some computer training • has his own preferred packages • wants to build his own little system • doesn’t want to be forced into a system • wants to be involved in the development

  8. Nolan evolution of IT-usage Four stages of DP growth: maturity control contagion initiation

  9. NOLAN phases Stage Initiation contagion control maturity orientation cost reduction new functions moratorium database inquiry organization where first used dispersed central controlled distributed manager operations manager middle manager middle manager director management view lax selling controlling a resource applications supporting diversification databases end-user computing control little very little strong normal user involvement interviews , manuals PC's project groups transparent

  10. The Waves of Technology Cooperative Computing Internet Desktop Computing Productivity Open Systems of Clients and Servers Distributed Computing PC’s Batch Processing Minicomputers Mainframes Time

  11. Technology • Document management and workflow • Development environment • Client-server and the WEB • Object orientation and Components • Distributed databases • Security systems , fault tolerance • JAVA and CORBA

  12. Evolution of Application Functionality Communications network intelligence Relative Functionality AI Office, image DBMS, DD Query languages PC’s Application specific software Transaction processing Operating system, related utilities Hardware 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Development Environment

  13. Development Infrastructure Applications Tools and Methods Services Data

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