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Understanding Single Replacement Reactions in Chemistry

Single Replacement Reactions (SRR) involve one element replacing another in a compound, leading to a new element and compound formation. In these reactions, metals can replace other metals or hydrogen, while nonmetals can replace other nonmetals. The likelihood of a reaction occurring depends on the reactivity of the elements involved, which can be predicted using the Activity Series (Table J). More reactive metals or nonmetals can displace less reactive ones. Learn how to identify and balance common SRR equations, and apply this knowledge to predict reaction outcomes.

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Understanding Single Replacement Reactions in Chemistry

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  1. A word about ….

  2. Single Replacement Reactions A + BX  AX + B A replaces B in compound BX [Element + Compound  New Element + New Compound]

  3. Three types of SR reactions: • Metal replaces hydrogen in a compound • Metal replaces another metal in a compound • Nonmetal replaces a nonmetal in a compound

  4. Single Replacement Reactions Metals have different reactivities Canpredictif given metal and given compound will react or not

  5. Single Replacement Rxns • Table J is activity series • more reactive metals lose valence electrons more easily • determine if a reaction will occur • most activemetal is attop • least activemetal is atbottom

  6. Single Replacement Rxns The rule - metal can: • replaceany metal listed below itself on table J metalcannot: • replace any metal listed above itself on table J

  7. Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)  ? • What metal is looking to replace what metal? • can Ag replace Cu? • Locate Ag and Cu in Table J • Ag is below Cu so this reaction will not go • Ag is less reactive than Cu NR

  8. Cu(s) + AgNO3(aq)  ? • What metal is looking to replace what metal? • can Cu replace Ag? • Locate Cu and Ag in Table J • Cu is above Ag in Table J • Cu is more reactive than Ag • This reaction will go  Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) Balance!! Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) 2Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)

  9. Nonmetals also have different reactivities • Look at Table J • Halogens are often the nonmetal • Most active halogen = fluorine at top • Least active halogen = iodine at bottom • Nonmetals can only replace nonmetal below itself on the table

  10. This reaction occurs because F2 is above Br2 Single Replacement Reactions F2(g) + 2 NaBr(aq)  2 NaF(aq) + Br2(l) • F looks to replace Br (not Na)

  11. NR Single Replacement Reaction Br2(g) + 2 NaF(aq)  ? Br2 is below F2 in Table J This reaction does not occur

  12. Yes: KCl + Zn No No Yes: AlCl3 + Sn No Yes: Ti(NO3)2 + Pb No Yes: CaF2 + I2 Use Table J to predict if these reactions occur K + ZnCl2 Fe + Na3PO4 Cu + Mg(NO3)2 Al + SnCl2 Ca + KBr  Ti + Pb(NO3)2 Cl2 + HF  F2 + CaI2 2 2 2 3 2 3

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