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Nomenclature

Nomenclature. A Systematic Approach to Naming Chemical Compounds. Nomenclature I. Binary Ionic Compounds Binary Molecular Compounds. 2 elements. metal with a non-metal. Binary Ionic Compounds . metal with a non-metal. metal with a non-metal. Binary Ionic Compounds . 2 elements.

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Nomenclature

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  1. Nomenclature A Systematic Approach to Naming Chemical Compounds

  2. Nomenclature I Binary Ionic Compounds Binary Molecular Compounds

  3. 2 elements metal with a non-metal Binary Ionic Compounds metal with a non-metal metal with a non-metal

  4. Binary Ionic Compounds 2 elements metal with a non-metal Naming systematically: • Write metal name then name of the non-metal modified with “-ide” ending • If 2 or more oxidation states are possible then a Roman numeral follows the metal name – the Stock convention (e.g., transition metals, Sn, Pb) Examples: KCl potassium chloride MgF2 magnesium fluoride By the way: Not Potassium Chloride Not Magnesium Fluoride

  5. Binary Ionic Compounds Note: ionic charge is based on location on the periodic table. Thus, formula can be deduced from name and vice versa.

  6. The Periodic Table of the Elements Most Probable Oxidation State +1 0 +2 +3 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Cu Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Kr Rb Sr Zr Nb I Ag Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Xe Y Cd In Sn Sb Te Ba Hg Au W Re Os Ir Pt Rn Cs La Hf Ta Tl Pb Bi Po At Fr Ra Ac Rf Du Sg Bo Ha Me Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

  7. Binary Ionic Compounds Al Cl Examples Write the chemical formula of aluminum chloride Aluminum chloride Al3+ Cl- (3+) + ?(-1) = 0 (3+) + ?(-1) = 0 (3+) + 3(-1) = 0 AlCl3

  8. Binary Ionic Compounds Examples Write the systematic name for CuBr2 CuBr2 (?+) + 2(-1) = 0 (?+) + 2(-1) = 0 (2+) + 2(-1) = 0 Cu?+ Cu?+ Cu2+ Br- Copper is a transition element so use Stock convention for naming the metal ion: copper(II) bromide

  9. Binary Ionic Compounds Examples magnesium nitride Mg3N2 Al2O3 aluminum oxide Examples of compounds where multiple oxidation states are available TaCl5 tantalum(V) chloride osmium(IV) oxide OsO2

  10. 2 elements usually 2 non-metals Binary Molecular Compounds Note: electrons are shared—therefore number of each element cannot be determined from periodic table. The number of each element must be provided in compound name. Naming systematically: • Write the unmodified name of the first element followed by the name of the second element modified with the “-ide” ending. • Number of each atom indicated by use of the Greek numeral prefix

  11. Binary Molecular Compounds S O 2 Examples Write the chemical formula of sulfur dioxide It’s a compound of 2 nonmetals so ionic charge calculations don’t apply. Sulfur dioxide SO2

  12. Binary Molecular Compounds tetra carbon chloride Examples Write the systematic name for CCl4 CCl4 Now, assemble the pieces of the name… carbon tetrachloride

  13. Notes: • If 2 o’s in a row then drop 1 • If the first element is mono the prefix is usually dropped Examples: N2O dinitrogen monoxide N2O4 dinitrogen tetraoxide CO carbon monoxide CO2 carbon dioxide diphosphorous pentoxide P2O5 arsenic triiodide AsI3

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