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1.3 vocab

1.3 vocab. Census. measurements or observations from the entire population are used. Sample. measurements or observations from part of the population are used. Observational Study.

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1.3 vocab

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  1. 1.3 vocab

  2. Census measurements or observations from the entire population are used

  3. Sample measurements or observations from part of the population are used

  4. Observational Study observations and measurements of individuals are conducted in a way that doesn’t change the response or the variable being measured

  5. Experiment when a treatment is deliberately imposed on the individuals in order to observe a possible change in the response or variable being measured

  6. Placebo Effect occurs when a subject receives no treatment but believes he or she is receiving treatment and responds favorably

  7. Completely Randomized Experiment one in which a random process is used to assign each individual to one of the treatments

  8. Block a group of individuals sharing some common features that might affect the treatment

  9. Randomized Block Experiment individuals are first sorted into blocks, and then a random process is used to assign each individual in the block to one of the treatments

  10. Control Group used to account for the influence of other known or unknown variables that might be an underlying cause of a change in response in the experimental group

  11. Randomization used to assign individuals to the two treatment groups

  12. Nonresponse individuals either cannot be contacted or refuse to participate

  13. Truthfulness of Response respondents may lie intentionally or inadvertently

  14. Faulty Recall respondents may not accurately remember when or whether an event took place

  15. Hidden Bias the question may be worded in such a way as to elicit a specific response. The order of the questions might lead to biased responses

  16. Vague Wording words such as “often,” “seldom,” and “occasionally” mean different things to different people

  17. Interviewer Influence factors such as tone of voice, body language, dress, gender, authority, and ethnicity of the interviewer might influence responses

  18. Voluntary Response individuals with strong feelings about a subject are more likely than others to respond

  19. Nonresponse- individuals either cannot be contacted or refuse to participate • Truthfulness of response- respondents may lie intentionally or inadvertently • Faulty recall- respondents may not accurately remember when or whether an event took place • Hidden bias- the question may be worded in such a way as to elicit a specific response. The order of the questions might lead to biased responses • Vague wording- words such as “often,” “seldom,” and “occasionally” mean different things to different people • Interviewer influence- factors such as tone of voice, body language, dress, gender, authority, and ethnicity of the interviewer might influence responses • Voluntary response- individuals with strong feelings about a subject are more likely than others to respond Some potential pitfalls of a survey

  20. Lurking variable one for which no data have been collected but that nevertheless has influence on other variables in the study

  21. Confounded two variables are confounded when the effects of one cannot be distinguished from the effects of the other

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