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Endocrine System . Hormone- a chemical messenger that is released into the blood stream. Gland- a group of cells or an organ that secretes hormones. Pituitary Gland- produces a hormone that controls all other hormones, located in the brain. Also known as the “Master Gland”. Endocrine System.
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Hormone- a chemical messenger that is released into the blood stream. • Gland- a group of cells or an organ that secretes hormones. • Pituitary Gland- produces a hormone that controls all other hormones, located in the brain. Also known as the “Master Gland”. Endocrine System
Thyroid- produces thyroxine, which controls metabolism and body temperature • Parathyroid- control the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the body • Adrenal- controls the adrenaline hormone which helps us in emergency situations. Also controls the body’s water balance Endocrine System
Pancreas- produces insulin needed to break down glucose to be absorbed into the blood. Also part of the digestive system • Ovaries- produces the female sex cell, the egg. Estrogen controls the development of secondary sex characteristics • Egg/Ovum- female sex cell. One egg cell produced by the ovaries once a month Endocrine System
Testes- produces the male sex hormone, testosterone. This is also controls the development of secondary sex characteristics. • Sperm- is the male sex cell - The combination of egg and sperm will result in conception and soon will be developing fetus. Endocrine System
Puberty- time in which a teenager will have physical and emotional changes due to the releasing of hormones. Usually begins between ages 12-15. Endocrine System
Testosterone- male hormone which causes sperm production. Allows for physical changes- broad shoulders, deepened voice, muscular development and hair growth. • Testes/Testicles- 2 small glands which produce sperm. In order to survive, sperm must be kept at lower temperatures. • Scrotum- holds the testes and protects the sperm from high temperatures. Male Reproduction
Epididymis- tube outside the testes which temporarily stores sperm. Allows them to mature here. • Vas deferens- the tube which connects the epididymis to the urethra. This is where other fluids are mixed with sperm. • Seminal Vesicle- produces the other fluids that are mixed with sperm. Male Reproduction
Prostate Gland and Cowper’s Gland- other fluid production occurs • Urethra- the tube which extends from the bladder and each vas deferens through the penis, outside of the body • Penis- external reproduction organ. Composed of tissue and blood vessels, which allow for erection and ejaculation of semen Male Reproductive
Sterility- a condition when a person is unable to reproduce • Testicular Cancer- Age 15-34 is the most common. Signs- enlarged testicle, lumps or nodules. Self examinations should be done once a month. Male Reproductive
Estrogen and Progesterone- hormones released by the pituitary gland during puberty. Produces secondary sex characteristics- breast development, widening of the hips and hair growth. Female Reproductive
3 Major Functions • Produce egg cells or ova • Reception of sperm for fertilization • Provide nourishment and protection for a fertilized ovum until it’s ready to live outside the body Female Reproductive
Ovaries- female sex glands that house ova and produce hormones. • Born with over 1 million immature ova • Will release 300-500 in her lifetime • Ovulation- releasing of one mature ovum each month. This begins around puberty. Ovaries alternate from month to month. Female Reproductive
Fallopian Tube- when an ovum is released, it moves along in this tube to the uterus. • Finger or hair like projections draw and ovum from the ovary and into and through the fallopian tube. • Fertilization can occur if a sperm are present in the fallopian tube when the ovum is released into it. Female Reproductive
Fertilization- when one sperm cell unites with the ovum • Uterus- small, muscular, pear shaped organ about the size of a fist. • Rich with blood vessels • Thickness varies depending upon hormones present • Zygote- a fertilized ovum attaches to the uterine wall and lives here for 9 months Female Reproductive
Cervix-end of the uterus, which is in the vagina, opens during labor. • Major site of cancer in women. PID/HPV • Papsmears • Vagina- Also called the birth canal, is a muscular and elastic tube. This is where sperm is deposited during sexual intercourse. Female Reproductive
Menstruation- when the lining of the uterus is shed. • 2-3oz of blood and tissue leaves the body • Lasts 3-5 days • 28 day cycle is the norm • The Cycle • Days 1-4 Lining of the uterus, menstruation • Days 5-12 Uterine wall thickens, egg about to be released • Days 13-14 Ovulation occurs, egg is released • Days 15-28 Egg travels down fallopian tube into uterus. If not fertilized, menstruation will occur. If fertilized, a baby will began forming. Female Reproductive
Health Issues • Menstrual cramps- mild cramping can occur • Light exercise, a warm bath or a heating pad can relieve these. 2. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)- A variety of symptoms that effect different people differently. Mild to severe • Bloating, mood swings, fatigue and weight gain • Hormonal imbalances or nutritional deficiencies Female Reproductive
3. Toxic Shock Syndrome- Bacterial disease that can occur in women who use tampons. • Change every 3-4 hours • Symptoms- fever, vomiting, dizziness, flu like symptoms Female Reproductive
