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Smart Card File System (ISO 7816-4)

MF. DF. DF. DF. EF. EF. EF. EF. EF. EF. MF Master File (root directory, must always be present) DF Dedicated File (directory file, can contain directory and data files) EF Elementary File (data file). Smart Card File System (ISO 7816-4). MF.

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Smart Card File System (ISO 7816-4)

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  1. MF DF DF DF EF EF EF EF EF EF MF Master File (root directory, must always be present) DF Dedicated File (directory file, can contain directory and data files) EF Elementary File (data file) Smart Card File System (ISO 7816-4) Muhammad Wasim Raad

  2. MF FID File Identifier (2 bytes) DF FID File Identifier (2 bytes) EF DF Name (1-16 Bytes)usually ISO 7816-5 AID Short-FID (5bits) FID File Identifier (2 bytes) Smart Card File Names (ISO 7816-4) Reserved FIDs 3F00MF root directory 0000EF PIN and PUK #10100EF PIN and PUK #2 0001EF application keys0011EF management keys 0002EF manufacturing info0003EF card ID info0004EF card holder info0005EF chip info 3FFF file path selection FFFF reserved for future use Muhammad Wasim Raad

  3. EEPROM pages100'000 write cycles64 byte page size Header pointer EF Body Smart Card Internal File Structure • Header: file structure info, access control rights, pointer to data body content changes never or seldom, protected from erasure • Body: data, content might change often, many write operations Muhammad Wasim Raad

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  5. MULTOS • A high security architecture • Apps needing high security can reside next to apps needing low security • Co-residence of multiple, inter-operable, platform independent applications • Dynamic remote loading and deletion of applications over the lifetime of a card • Achieved using the language MEL (MULTOS Executable Language) Muhammad Wasim Raad

  6. PC/SC • Architecture designed to ensure the following work together even if made by different manufacturers: • smart cards • smart card readers • computers • Differs from OpenCard because it offers API interoperability rather than uniform API • Designed for Windows environment with development in Visual C++ Muhammad Wasim Raad

  7. Java card • The Java Card specifications enable Java technology to run on smart cards and other devices • Multi-Application Capable - Java Card technology enables multiple applications to co-exist securely on a single smart card • Dynamic: - New applications can be installed securely • Secure: - relies on the inherent security of the Java programming language to provide a secure execution environment. - platform's proven industry deployments and security evaluations ensure that card issuers benefit from the most capable and secure technology available today. Muhammad Wasim Raad

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  10. To Managing Finances Securely and Conveniently Entertainment on Demand Earning and redeeming rewards with Virtual Merchants To store personal data for covenience on-line Virtual Health, Govt or other Services To Secure Virtual World Shopping with Credit (Chip SecureCode) or e-Cash How can the SMART card help in new channels? Muhammad Wasim Raad

  11. Native EMV Code Native Loyalty Code Native EMV Code Native EMV Code Native Loyalty Code Proprietary OS A Proprietary OS B Proprietary Smart Card Operating Systems • Proprietary Chip OS developed in “native” code - specific to underlying silicon - to access chip functions. OS often dedicated to performing a single specific function – e.g. EMV Data Data Data Data E2 E2 ROM ROM • OS code is fixed in the ROM of the chip, and cannot be changed after the chip is made. Chip Hardware A Chip Hardware B • Limited number of programmers able to make adaptations to proprietary OS – impact on time to market if changes / new functions required. • In order to multi-source silicon, native code must be redeveloped from scratch for new chip. Muhammad Wasim Raad Chip Hardware A Chip Hardware B

  12. KILLER Applications Muhammad Wasim Raad

  13. Operating System Options Logical & Physical Access WIM SIM Loyalty E-Purse Credit/Debit Open Platform (Card Manager & Security Domain) API MULTOS by Mondex International and MAOSCO Council Windows for Smart Card by Microsoft and Global Platform Java Card by Sun Micro and Global Platform or or Multos Muhammad Wasim Raad

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  18. Proximity Solutions for MULTOS • 2 types of MULTOS “Dual-Interface” cards – supporting communication with the chip via both the contact plate and the contactless interface based on Proximity Standard - ISO 14443 • Hitachi/DNP Contactless MULTOS: 36K EEPROM, Type B contactless interface, Available now • Supports both versions of Paypass transaction (contactless M/Chip 4, or Contactless Track 2 data) and in fact can execute ANY existing MULTOS application over the contactless interface. • Keycorp / Philips Contactless MULTOS, 16K EEPROM, MIFARE Type A contactless interface, Prototypes available now • Supports Mifare ticketing only. Full contactless MULTOS application execution planned for Q3 2004 250K issued for Japan Residential ID card Muhammad Wasim Raad

  19. Smart Card Corporate ID& E-Purse Multi-application system Muhammad Wasim Raad

  20. Smart toolz File creation utility Muhammad Wasim Raad

  21. What is RFID? • RFID is an ADC technology that uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data between a reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track... • RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item Muhammad Wasim Raad

  22. What is RFID • Tag enters RF field • RF signal powers tag • Tag transmits ID, plus data • Reader captures data • Reader sends data to computer • Computer determines action • Computer instructs reader • Reader transmits data to tag Radio Frequency Identification Label (Transponder) Reader/Antenna (Interrogator) Computer Muhammad Wasim Raad

  23. RFID Primer • RFID Diagram: Antenna RF Module Reader Host Computer Note: The host is the software database... Muhammad Wasim Raad

  24. RFID Primer Antenna RFModule Reader Host Computer Note: The RF module createsradio frequency (RF). It receives and transmits RF through the antenna… Muhammad Wasim Raad

  25. RFID Primer Antenna RFModule Reader Host Computer Note: The RF module createsradio frequency (RF). It receives and transmits RF through the antenna… Muhammad Wasim Raad

  26. RFID Primer Antenna RF Module Tag Reader Host Computer Note: Tag (transponder) is interrogated by the antenna.... Muhammad Wasim Raad

  27. RFID Primer (Tag ID Communication) Antenna RF Module Tag Reader Host Computer Note: The antenna captures the tag ID number…first as analog RF waves, then it is converted to digital information. Muhammad Wasim Raad

  28. CPU I/O RAM ROM Radio Tx/Rx Pwr Supply CPU I/O RAM ROM Radio Tx/Rx Pwr Supply An RFID Tag Is A Portable Database …A sophisticated computing and communications device …A wireless extension of Information Systems Interrogation Unit Tag Micro Antenna Tx/Rx Computer Computer Network Muhammad Wasim Raad

  29. What is RFID? -- The Tags • Tags can be read-only or read-write • Tag memory can be factory or field programmed, partitionable, and optionally permanently locked • Bytes left unlocked can be rewritten over more than 100,000 times Muhammad Wasim Raad

  30. What is RFID? -- The Tags • Tags can be attached to almost anything: • pallets or cases of product • vehicles • company assets or personnel • items such as apparel, luggage, laundry • people, livestock, or pets • high value electronics such as computers, TVs, camcorders Muhammad Wasim Raad

  31. Are All Tags The Same? Basic Types: • Active • Tag transmits radio signal • Battery powered memory, radio & circuitry • High Read Range (300 feet) • Passive • Tag reflects radio signal from reader • Reader powered • Shorter Read Range (4 inches - 15 feet) Muhammad Wasim Raad

  32. Are All Tags The Same? • Variations: • Memory • Size (16 bits - 512KBytes +) • Read-Only, Read/Write or WORM • Type: EEProm, Antifuse, FeRam • Arbitration (Anti-collision) • Ability to read/write one or many tags at a time • Frequency • 125KHz - 5.8 GHz • Physical Dimensions • Thumbnail to Brick sizes • Price ($0.50 to $250) Muhammad Wasim Raad

  33. Types of Tags - Memory Segmentation • Read Only (Factory Programmed) • WORM - Write Once, Read Many times • Reprogrammable (Field Programmable) • Read/Write (In-Use Programmable) Muhammad Wasim Raad

  34. What is RFID? -- The Readers • Readers (interrogators) can be at a fixed point such as • Entrance/exit • Point of sale • Warehouse • Readers can also be mobile -- tethered, hand-held, or wireless Muhammad Wasim Raad

  35. <150 kHz (125 kHz & 134 kHz ) Advantages • Uses normal CMOS processing —basic and ubiquitous • Relative freedom from regulatory limitations • Well suited for applications requiring reading small amounts of data at slow speeds and minimal distances • Penetrates materials well (water, tissue, wood, aluminum) Muhammad Wasim Raad

  36. <150 kHz (125 kHz & 134 kHz ) Disadvantages: • Does not penetrate or transmit around metals (iron, steel) • Handles only small amounts of data • Slow read speeds • Large Antennas -- compared to higher frequencies • Minimal Range Muhammad Wasim Raad

  37. <150 kHz (125 kHz & 134 kHz ) Disadvantages: • Tag construction: • is thicker (than 13.56 MHz) • is more expensive (than 13.56 MHz) • more complex (requires more turns of the induction coil) Muhammad Wasim Raad

  38. RFID Primer…Frequencies Inductive Magnetic Field Coupling: 13.56 MHz (Popular Smart Card Frequency) RFID: Smart Cards Mid. Freq. EAS AM CB 10 MHz 1 MHz Muhammad Wasim Raad

  39. 13.56 MHz Advantages • Uses normal CMOS processing--basic and ubiquitous • Well suited for applications requiring reading small amounts of data and minimal distances • Penetrates water/tissue well • Simpler antenna design (fewer turns of the coil); lower costs to build • Higher data rate (than 125 kHz--but slower than higher MHz systems) • Thinner tag construction (than 125 kHz) Muhammad Wasim Raad

  40. 13.56 MHz Disadvantages • Government regulated frequency (U.S. versus Europe) • Does not penetrate or transmit around metals (unless very thick) • Large Antennas (compared to higher frequencies) • Larger tag size than higher frequencies • Tag construction: requires more than one surface to complete a circuit • Minimal Range Muhammad Wasim Raad

  41. Bar Codes vs. RFID Muhammad Wasim Raad

  42. RFID Applications • Petrol Service Stations • In Singapore, the Mobil petrol service stations has already introduced RFID technology to implement their Speed Pass system to enable drivers to fill up the petrol and drive away. All information will be gathered automatically through RFID smart tags and customers’ bills can be settled through GIRO. Muhammad Wasim Raad

  43. RFID Application in Petrol Service Station Muhammad Wasim Raad

  44. RFID Application in a Factory Canteen • In the video, it is very interesting to notice that in the factory canteen’s environment, RFID tags are attached at the bottom of the plates to identify the cooked food and its price. • The staff of the factory need only to pick up the food on the tray and place the tray on top of a RFID reader. • The RFID reader will identify the products and its price. The staff need only to place the cash card to pay for the food. Muhammad Wasim Raad

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