S. Attaluri Coordinator, APARIS APAARI, Bangkok

1. Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI) Tracking Investment in AR4D in the Asia-Pacific Region: S. Attaluri Coordinator, APARIS APAARI, Bangkok Stakeholder Workshop on Tracking Investment in Agricultural Research for Development 20 January 2012, Berlin.

2. Presentation Outline • Context • Challenges • Reorienting AR4D in the Asia-Pacific Region • Knowledge on Investment and Human Capacities • Data Management, Analyses and Institutional Issues • Planned Activities in 2011-2012 • Recommendations

3. APAARI Objectives • Promote the exchange of scientific and technical know-how and information in agriculture • Facilitate the establishment of appropriate research and training programs based on regional, bilateral or national needs and priorities • Assist in strengthening research organization and management capacity of member institutions • Strengthen cross-linkage among national, regional and international research centers organizations including universities through jointly planned research and training programs.

4. Japan Republic of Korea Bhutan Chinese Taipei South East Asia Vietnam Thailand Iran Philippines Middle East Malaysia Papua New Guinea Samoa Nepal Pakistan Fiji Bangladesh India Sri Lanka South Asia Australia New Caledonia APAARI Members Regular (NARS):20 Associate (CG Centers/IARCs):17 Affiliate : 11 Reciprocal:8 Total: 56 The Pacific

5. The Context • 58 % of the World’s population • 74 % of the Agricultural population • 80 % of the World’s small and marginal farmers • 50 % of the World’s poor (<$1/day) • 38 % of the World’s agricultural land (APAARI, 2010)

6. The Context • Asia-Pacific is a major supplier of food, accounting for: • 38% of the world’s arable land • 90% of the world’s rice, 40% of its cereals and 40% of its meat • 70% of the global food and vegetable market • 80% of the aquaculture market • Asia feeds nearly 60% of the world’s population from 1/3rd of geographical area

7. Challenges • 70 % of the World’s undernourished children and women • Income divide between farmers and non-farmers continues to widen – 1:2 (1970) to 1:4 ( 2010) • Fast declining water and agro-biodiversity resources with environmental footprint of agriculture intensifying • Climate change- extreme weather, increased risk, bio-insecurity and vulnerability • Global economic downturn and market volatility • Competing land use: food grain vs fuel vs feed. (APAARI, 2010)

8. Challenges • 70 % of the World’s undernourished children and women • Income divide between farmers and non-farmers continues to widen – 1:2 (1970) to 1:4 ( 2010) • Fast declining water and agro-biodiversity resources with environmental footprint of agriculture intensifying • Climate change- extreme weather, increased risk, bio-insecurity and vulnerability • Global economic downturn and market volatility • Competing land use: food grain vs fuel vs feed. (APAARI, 2010)

9. Expert Consultation on AR4D in Asia - Pacific– The Way AheadBangkok, 30-31 October, 2009 Reorienting AR4D in the Asia-Pacific Region

10. Key Messages • Clients: small farm holders, poor producers, poor consumers • Primary production level: • (i) Ecosystems framework – diversification • (ii) Integrated natural resource management - especially land and water • (iii) Climate change: adaptation and mitigation • Holistic: food supply chain (inputs sector primary production  post harvest/ processing/ marketing  markets ) • Cross cutting: knowledge based, socio-economic, policy research, participatory .

11. Not Business as Usual • Innovative partnerships and networking (NARES, NGO, Private Sector, Farmers) • Outscalingof innovations in a participatory mode • Value chain development and management for linking farmers to market (Farmers Self Help Groups/ Associations/Cooperatives/ Companies) • Investments in agricultural research in the region need to be doubled from its current level of about US$10 billion.

12. Knowledge on Investment and Human Capacities • Accelerated science and innovation-led agricultural growth through better understanding of socio-economic factors, effective management of human and financial resources • Agricultural research planning, priority setting, monitoring and evaluation and impact assessment • Policy formulation and policy debate • Strengths, weaknesses, and potential opportunities of agricultural S&T systems at different levels (institutional, sectoral, national, regional, international)

13. Bridging Knowledge Gaps Implementing GCARD Roadmap with the support of GFAR • Assessment of regional investments and capacity building for AR4D : Southeast Asia- • Assessing the current support for AR4D investments • Partnerships built among stakeholders for sharing information • Comparison of investments will help in increasing resource allocations for AR4D • Better understanding of research & development initiatives among stakeholders established.

14. Planned Activities in 2011-2012 • Collaboration with ASTI to collect and assess data through: • Full force survey in 5 countries: • Cambodia, Loa PDR, Malaysia, PNG and Vietnam Govt. and Non-Profit Higher Education A. Institutional details B. Human Resources – Researchers, Age, Retirement, Time spent on research, Education, Staff, Female Researchers and Staff C. Financial Resources – Salaries, Operating and Program, Source of funding, Donors D. Research Focus –Programs, Commodity, Thematic Areas A. University / Faculty Details B. Human Resources – Faculty, Age, Retirement, Time spent on research Education, Staff, Female Faculty and Staff C. Research Focus– No. of Faculty assigned for research, Programs, Commodity, Thematic Areas D. Students Population- No. of Students, No. of Students graduated

15. Planned Activities in 2011-2012 • Macro-level survey in 3 countries: • Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand Higher Education Govt. and Non-Profit 1. Organizational details 2. Website 3. Research Staff by Degree 4. Time spent on research 5. Technicians by Degree 6. Female Researchers and Staff 1. Institutional details 2. Website 3. Research Staff by Degree 4. Time spent on research 5. Technicians by Degree 6. Female Researchers and Staff 7. Research Expenditure 8. Source of Funding 9. Financial year

16. Planned Activities in 2011-2012 • Workshop on Agricultural R&D in the Asia–Pacific region: The Need to Monitor Investments, Capacities and Institutional Changes, 16-17 February, 2012 in Bangkok • Report on AR4D investments circulated among NARS partners in SE Asia • New global update for the Global Conference on Agricultural Research for Development (GCARD2) in 2012.

17. Issues in Data Collection and Management • No regular data collection and publications like FAOSTAT, WDI, or S&T indicators for European Union/OECD countries • Private sector data is missing or limited • Extension and Advisory not covered • Poor Research Management Information Systems • Quality of data ? • Data standards and definitions • Updation of data – Annual updates?

18. Issues in Data Analyses • Less role for National collaborators • Data providers, but not data interpreters – do they have capacities? • Not much information for policy making / actions at national level • Lack of understanding on users’ needs ( aid agencies, policy makers, stakeholder groups, data providers, general public etc.,)

19. Institutional Issues • Ownership of data collection and analysis or one time affair? • Lack of awareness on the use of investment data and apprehensions about the purpose- ‘close data’ • Little response from agencies surveyed, some don’t respond • No clarity on wherefrom investment coming- multiplicity of funding sources • Lack of political and institutional support • Who will do? • Lack of capacities in weak NARS

20. Recommendations National Level: • Convincing Nations about the benefits of maintaining ASTI datasets through presenting evidence (pathways, cases, instances where data used in policymaking, research management etc.,) • Institutionalizing and internalizing of monitoring investment at National level through National Focal Points • Increasing the ownership of National collaborators by involving them in data analysis and synthesis

21. Recommendations • Developing capacities of National collaborators and staff involved in data collection, analysis and synthesis • Embedding the process of data collection and analysis in the work plan • Incentives for documenting investment and capacities • Creating awareness on the use and benefits of ASTI data among participating agencies thru presentations in national level seminars/workshops etc.

22. Recommendations Donor Level: • Advocating “Openness” in sharing data by Donors– ‘Open Data’ Regional Level: • Regional Fora should be more active in analyzing data, capacity building and dissemination for policy planning • Compiling pathways, cases, success stories for advocating the use and application of data. • Establishing Forum for Policy Dialogue on AR4D issues.

23. Recommendations ASTI • Involving the policymakers from the beginning to promote institutionalization of the process • Organizing training / workshop programs for national collaborators on data collection, analysis and synthesis methods in collaboration with Regional Fora • Co-sponsor meetings / seminars to popularize use and application of datasets • Providing incentives and financial support to collaborating agencies at least for a reasonable time

24. Recommendations • Aggressive Information Dissemination through communication strategies • Access to Data • Making available and accessible minimum datasets in the ‘public domain’ • Harvesting Data from different sources • Promoting ‘Open Data’ approach with Donors and National collaborators • Indicators • Common indicators of investment

25. Recommendations • Clear guidelines to respondents • Coverage of private R&D, at least large companies • Investment shares of basic, applied and adaptive research • Information on process indicators, eg:-IP management, partnerships, competitive funding Mechanism and Systems • On-line system for data updation through National Nodal /Focal Points • Easy search and download options of data for different purposes

26. Recommendations Capacity Development • Analysis and synthesis of data • Interpretation, use and application of data by users • Capacity to orient /sensitize respondents Dissemination • Communication strategy to popularize the use and application of data/information • Targeting policymakers through relevant information products/services with the involvement of National Nodal / Focal Points.

27. www.apaari.org Thanks