ELECTRON ACCELERATOR ILU-10: An Alternative to Reactor "ARGUS

1. D.A.Abdushukurov, I.Bobodzanov, N.T.Buriev, A.A.Juraev, Kh.Kh.Muminov ELECTRON ACCELERATOR ILU-10 ALTERNATIVE TO REACTOR «ARGUS» IN PHYSICAL-TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN S.U.Umarov Physical Technical Institute of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan

2. History • Reactorinstallation "ARGUS" • With a complex of technological and laboratory premises. • Purpose(assignment): realization neutron-activationand neutronography • analyses of various materials. • Situation for today: • build-upand installation works were completed in 1987; • Nuclear fuel in republic was not delivered; • In 1991 all works on start of a reactor were forbidden; • The available equipment is morally obsolete and has become worthless; • reactor hall and elevated premises and systems (in-flowand exhaust ventilation, central air of air with replaceable filters, special sanitation, sanitary exits, reserve electrosupply, system of pneumotransport devices etc.) are in a satisfactory condition. • As the plan of start of reactor "Argus" was not realized, and the institute desperately needs modern installation for the decision of some research and practical problems alternative to a nuclear reactor can become the safe industrial accelerator of electrons to ILU - 10.

3. Specification of reactor “ARGUS” • Isotopic enrichment of Uranium-235 - 21% • Uranium-235 charge – 1,8 kg • Amount of aqueous solution UO2SO4 - 23 lit • Power, max – 50 kW • Thermal neutron density n/cm2 s in the core channel -1 ,2*1012 in the reflector channels – 6*1011 at neutron beam outlet – 3*107

4. Reactor assignments • 1. The element analysis • 2. Manufacture of nuclear filters • 3. Dephectoscopy • 4. Manufacture radio-nuclides • 5. Experiments with physics of the condensed condition • 6. The educational purposes

5. Construction • The case of a reactor with a water solution uranil- sulfate is surrounded with a graphite reflector. Reactorinstallation represents a parallelepiped 150Х150 sm in the basis and 120 sm in height. For an irradiation of samples in an active zone and in a reflector there are vertical channels in diameter from 40 up to 110 mm. Two tangential channels in diameter of 110 mm form beams of neutrons thermal and epi-thermalenergy.

6. The circuit of reactor

7. Reactor during assembly

8. Reactor hole and control panel.

9. Laboratory of neutron-activation analysis and neutron-graphic installation

10. The industrial accelerator of electrons to ILU - 10

11. Characteristics of the accelerator of electrons ILU - 10 • Energy of electrons - 5 МэВ; • Capacity of beam of 50 KW; • Superficial density of irradiated production - up to 4 g/sm2; • Productivity at an irradiation - till 3000 kg / hour (2.5 Mrad); • Delivery, installation, start of the accelerator – Budker INP Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences

12. Neutron beam • PhTIoffers to create a source of neutrons on the basis of the accelerator of electrons to SILT - 10 and graphite-berilliumassembly. The accelerated electrons will move on a refractory target for formation brake gamma radiation. Gamma radiation will beat out neutrons from the berillium block. Neutrons will be slowed down in graphite assembly. • On precomputations, depending on a material of a target, it is necessary to expect, that a stream of neutrons which can be received, will make more than 1013(for comparison, the density of a stream of neutrons in an active zone of reactor “Argus" made – 1013). • Thus, the received stream of neutrons on the accelerator to ILU - 10 with small updating, will allow to block all complex of tasks which was earlier assigned to reactor “Argus".

13. Fields of application The accelerator to ILU - 10 can be used in a mode of division of time, both for realization of scientific researches, and for industrial use”s which would be duly and rather useful to a raising of economy and development of separate branches of a national economy of Republic of Tadjikistan.

14. Neutron-activation analysis For Tajikistan, 93 which % of territory make mountains, such branches of a national economy as geology, a mining industry and an agriculture, make a basis of economy of our republic, realization of the big volume of analytical researches demand. So, mountain - geological works demand the analysis of quantity of elements at a level traceconcentration, and the estimation of stocks of deposits needs realization of enormous volume of researches of geological samples.

15. Neutronographic research • Similar researches of materials which are created, including, and in other laboratories PhTI AS RT, are of great importance for development of many branches of a national economy, in particular, microelectronics. • It will allow to receive exact knowledge of structure and crystallographicproperties of new and perspective materials, firm bodies, crystals and will promote development of technology of reception of new materials with preset properties, to the control of cleanliness of initial reagents, use of nuclear transformations, modification of polymers with the purpose of maintenance of their wear resistance and durability.

16. Application in agriculture • Concerning use of analytical researches in an agriculture, we shall note, that one of the major conditions of correctness of realization of agrotechnical actions, the knowledge of element structure process able soilsis. • The mapping of grounds on microelement structure also demands the big volume of analytical researches. • Competent realization of agrotechnical works will allow to reduce an ecological load by ground fund and will serve increase of productivity.

17. Diagnostic research in medicine The methods of nuclear-physical researches used in diagnostics, are highly informative, exact and have ability to reveal structurally functional changes of bodies and fabrics practically at a cellular level. They not traumaticalso allow to receive the unique information on character of proceeding process, a degree of its prevalence, presence illsformations. In many cases their application is justified, and, first of all, in diagnostics because the received information can not be received by other methods and always reflects functions of investigated body or system, and frequently has no other alternative

18. Neutron-capture therapy • Malignant tumours, having the increased metabolism, concentrate in themselves all microcells, literally exhausting them from all organism. It allows to concentrate in tumours medical preparations with the maintenance of elements with the increased section of interaction to neutrons (a pine forest, gadolinium etc.). At their sufficient concentration the selective irradiation of tumours can be made by thermal neutrons. As a result of absorption of a neutron by a pine forest there is a nuclear reaction to the big allocation of energy in a cell that results in its destruction. This method considerably increases efficiency of therapy and reduces fatal influence by healthy cells. • The main feature neutron capturetherapies is, that it influences separate cells. Basically it allows to irradiate and destroy only cancer cells, not damaging thus the next, healthy cells of tissue. Any other versions of beam therapy have no such opportunity.

19. Variant of installation for neutron-capturetherapies. 1-accelerator, 2-berilliumassembly, 3 - radiating protection, 4 - the patient, 5 - the channel of a conclusion of a neutron beam, 6 - a target

20. Sterilizations of medical tools, dried fruits, herbs and money • Rather actual problem now is creation of a complex for radiating sterilization with the help of a beam of the accelerated electrons which is a high-efficiency, reliable and non-polluting way of sterilization of products and materials, is convenient in service and has an opportunity of automation of production. • Sterilization is made directly inside original packing without thermal damage, that also has the positive advantages. Radiating sterilization for today is a unique method allowing to carry out similar works at a level not the European standards. • Use of such methods of sterilization appreciably will allow to reduce risk of distribution of infectious diseases that has huge social value for our region.

21. The centre of sterilization on the basis of the accelerator ILU - 10with the mechanism of transportation of production

22. Training of the scientific and pedagogical staff • The contribution to training of the scientific and pedagogical staff - the essential contribution to development of economy of republic. • Attraction to research works of students, post-graduate students, young experts and scientific employees. • It concerns not only to a physical science, but also allied industries of a national economy, such as geology, an agriculture, medicine, ecology, wildlife management and an environment and much another.

23. Our hopes • Now employees of the International centre of nuclear-physical researches of Physical-Technical Institute named after S.U.Umarov AS RTconducts active works on attraction of the international organizations (IAEA, ISTCetc.) and on search of sources of investments for purchase of the accelerator to ILU - 10. • We hope, that start of the accelerator will open the second breath to nuclear-physical researches in Republic of Tajikistan, will generate new perspective fundamental and applied scientific directions which will promote intensive development of many branches of a national economy.

24. Thanks for Attention!