1 / 42

Bell Ringer

What are some of the problems you think America will experience as it grows in size and population?. Bell Ringer. Growth and Conflict. Coming to America. Early immigration issues. Irish - 1847. Germans - 1848. Mainly Protestant Moved to farmlands of the Midwest. Mainly Catholic

callie
Download Presentation

Bell Ringer

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. What are some of the problems you think America will experience as it grows in size and population? Bell Ringer

  2. Growth and Conflict

  3. Coming to America Early immigration issues

  4. Irish - 1847 Germans - 1848 Mainly Protestant Moved to farmlands of the Midwest • Mainly Catholic • Moved to crowded slums in major cities Which one will be more accepted? Why? Immigration Issues

  5. Nativism: an anti-immigration belief, favoring the “native” citizens of a country. • WASPs in the United States • Initially targeted Irish immigrants, but grew to persecute all immigrants. • “Know-Nothings” Nativism Rears Its Ugly Head

  6. The Market Revolution The growth of America’s industry

  7. Henry Clay, initiated the American System—an economic plan for the country. • A strong banking system. • Set up a protective tariff to boost American industry. • Build a strong transportation network of roads and canals. The American System

  8. Erie Canal Cumberland Road Results of the American System The Locomotive

  9. Samuel Slater (“Father of the Factory System”) • Built the first spinning machine in America • Slater’s machine created a shortage of cotton fiber The Father of the Factory System

  10. Raw Cotton

  11. Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin which separated the fiber from the seed (1793). • 50 times more efficient • Caused the South to expand its cotton producing land and increase its desire for slaves • The cotton gin caused the North to expand its factories for spinning and weaving cloth. Eli Whitney: The Cotton Gin

  12. Eli Whitney: Interchangeable Parts • Eli Whitney created “interchangeable parts” while on contract for the US Army • Parts had been hand made, which meant that broken parts could not be replaced individually. • Industrialism flourished in the North using this method

  13. Growth and conflicts of Democracy What does it mean to be an “American”?

  14. The Corrupt Bargain

  15. Andrew Jackson was born among the common people rather than the elite of society • His parents were poor Irish immigrants • At age 11 he went to boarding school, but found school too slow; he preferred sports and fighting instead. • At age 13 he joined the South Carolina militia to fight in the Revolutionary war. Jackson as a Hero of the Common Man

  16. Many states lowered or even eliminated the requirement that men own property to vote • At his inauguration gala, he opened the White House doors so his supporters could celebrate. • Spoils System: The practice of rewarding political supporters with public office • Out of Jackson’s popularity, the former Democratic-Republican party was renamed the Democratic party. Jackson’s Democracy

  17. Congress passed the “Tariff of Abominations” • John C. Calhoun wrote the "South Carolina Exposition“ - said that the states could nullify (void) the tariff. • “Nullies” threatened secession if the tariff wasn’t lifted • Congress passed a lower tariff • Congress also passed the Force Bill (AKA "Bloody Bill”) authorizing the president to use force if necessary to collect the tariff. Nullification Crisis

  18. Jackson wanted control of Indian lands East of the Mississippi to open for white settlement. • In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act • Authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River to lands in the West Solving the “Indian Problem”

  19. The Cherokee hoped to avoid removal by assimilating to American ways of government, education, religion, and agriculture. • In the end this was not enough to protect the Cherokee; the Cherokee sued the government for their freedom • Worcester v. Georgia - Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that Georgia law had no power to remove the Cherokee “John Marshall has made his ruling, let him enforce it!” Solving the “Indian Problem”

  20. In 1838 and 1839, the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma. • The Cherokee people called this journey the "Trail of Tears.” • The migrants faced hunger, disease, and exhaustion on the forced march. • Over 4,000 out of 15,000 of the Cherokees died. Trail of Tears

  21. Many opponents felt Jackson had overstepped his bounds as President • Whigs: A political party originally formed to oppose Jackson • Congress over the President • Modernization • Economic protectionism King Andrew I

  22. Van Buren Harrison Tyler A Succession of Failures

  23. Manifest Destiny

  24. Pushing West • Manifest Destiny- Common American idea that the nation was meant to spread to the Pacific. • Had our eyes set on California and Oregon even though other nations had partial claims to it

  25. Early Territorial Expansion

  26. In 1819, Missouri asked to join the U.S. as a slave state. • Admitting any new state would upset the balance of political power in Congress. • The Missouri Compromise: • Missouri would be admitted as a slave state; Maine would be admitted as a free state. • Regarding future slave land, an east-west line was drawn at 36°30’. All new states north of the 36°30’ line would be free, new states southward would be slave. Missouri is a Sticky Subject

  27. American Territorial Expansion

  28. Religious, Social, and Moral Reform Becoming “Better” Americans

  29. The Second Great Awakening (1830s) grew as a reaction to the industrial age (believing too much in science, and letting greed and vice overcome their lives). • More widely spread than the First Great Awakening a century earlier, geographically and by participants • Widespread belief that the second coming of Christ was near • Encouraged vivacious evangelicalism • Led to reform of several areas of life: prison reform, temperance, abolition, women’s suffrage, etc. Reviving Religion

  30. Charles Grandison Finney- considered the greatest of the revivalist preachers. • “Burned Over District”: Area of NY that ran out of people to convert • The issue of slavery split the churches apart. • New religious groups evolved to fill in the gaps left from old churches and new ideals. Reviving Religion

  31. Founded by Joseph Smith • Kicked out of NY • Led by Smith and Brigham Young to Utah Territory • Persecuted over religious and political practices Latter Day Saints(AKA: LDS, Mormons)

  32. Social Reform Movements

  33. Free public education was not popular in the early 1800s • People questioned why their tax money was being spent on teaching another person’s child • Jacksonian Democracy began to change opinions • More people could vote, so children needed education to be knowledgeable voters • Teachers were ill-educated and ill-trained themselves • African Americans were largely ignored One-room schoolhouse in Idaho Public Education

  34. 2nd Great Awakening spawned educational reform (necessary for reading the Bible) • Higher education for women had been taboo • Were afraid it would corrupt women, and therefore corrupt children and families • New colleges for women began opening; Mount Holyoke Seminary (1837) Changes to Higher Education

  35. The reform movement sought to eliminate a multitude of sins: • Cruelty, war, alcohol, discrimination, and slavery • Middle-Class women were often the motivation behind these movements • Cult of Domesticity: piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity The Reform Movement

  36. States gradually abolished debtors' prisons due to public demand.  Criminal codes and penalties were softened in hopes of reforming the wrong-doer.  The number of capital offenses was being reduced.  An Age of Reform

  37. Conducted a statewide investigation of how Massachusetts cared for the insane poor. Unregulated and underfunded, this system produced widespread abuse. "I proceed, Gentlemen, briefly to call your attention to the present state of Insane Persons confined within this Commonwealth, in cages, stalls, pens! Chained, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience." • Traveled the country, visiting different asylums; her protests resulted in improved conditions for the mentally ill. Dorothea Dix

  38. Reformers wanted to ban alcohol and end drunkenness. • Men wasted money, missed work, beat their wives, committed crimes, and ruined the good Christian name • Reformers were largely women, clergymen, and members of Congress.  • The American Temperance Society was formed in 1826.  Temperance Movement

  39. Feminists met at Seneca Falls, New York in a Woman's Rights Convention in 1848. • Led by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton • “The Declaration of Sentiments” argued that all men and women were created equal • It demanded female suffrage Women in Revolt

  40. Transcendentalism: An intellectual movement that argued that knowledge transcends (rises above) just the senses. • Associated traits included self-reliance, self-culture, and self-discipline. • People were thought to reach an inner light and touch the “Oversoul” (something akin to God) • Henry David Thoreau: transcendentalist who believed that one should reduce his bodily wants so as to gain time for a pursuit of truth through study and meditation.  • Spent two years living in the woods living off only what he could produce (“Walden: Or Life in the Woods”). • On the Duty of Civil Disobedience – greatly influenced Gandhi and MLK Transcendentalism

More Related