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R. Muniappan IPM CRSP

R. Muniappan IPM CRSP. First Successful Biological Control of a Weed - 1795. Control of Opuntia monacantha by Dactylopius ceylonicus in India (1796-1809) Subsequently released in Sri Lanka, Australia and South Africa.

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R. Muniappan IPM CRSP

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  1. R. Muniappan IPM CRSP

  2. First Successful Biological Control of a Weed -1795 Control of Opuntia monacantha by Dactylopius ceylonicus in India (1796-1809) Subsequently released in Sri Lanka, Australia and South Africa

  3. Opuntia stricta damaged by Dactylopius opuntiae photos by H. Zimmermann

  4. Chromolaena odorata(Eupatorium odoratum)Asteraceae (Compositae) In a coconut plantation Flowers in Dec. – Jan. in N. Hemisphere and June – July in S. Hemisphere

  5. Pareuchaetespseudoinsulata(Lep. Arctiidae)

  6. Chromolaena defoliated by Pareuchaetespseudoinsulatain Rota

  7. Yellowing of Chromoalena due to Insect Induced Defense Marutnai and Muniappan (1991) Ann. Appl. Biol.119: 227-237

  8. Electron microscopy of leaf tissue Green leaf Yellow leaf

  9. Eriophyid mite, Acalitus adoratus Infested leaf Distribution

  10. Gall fly, Cecidochares connexa(Dip.: Tephretidae) Gall fly ovipositing in the terminal shoot Photo by Desmier de Chinon Distribution of gall fly

  11. Cecidochares connexa Gall Maggots in side the gall

  12. Minerals in nutrient sink of the galls

  13. Chromolaena workshop conducted Seven Proceedings and 17 Newsletters published • 1988 – Bangkok, Thailand • 1991 – Bogor, Indonesia • 1993 – Abidjan, Ivory Coast • 1966 – Bangalore, India • 2000 – Durban, South Africa • 2003 – Cairns, Australia • 2006 – Pingtung, Taiwan

  14. Coccinia grandis in Guam

  15. Coccinia grandis flowers & fruits

  16. Acythopeuscocciniae(Curculionidae) Adult weevils Larval mining

  17. Acythopeusburkhartorum(Curculionidae) Adult Gall in the tendril Pupal chamber

  18. Melittia oedipus (Sesiidae) Adult Larva in the stem

  19. Coccinia grandis biocontrol in Hawaii (Waimanalo, Hilo)Pictures: courtesy of Hawaii Department of Agriculture Before release of biocontrol agents Six years after release of biocontrol agents

  20. Lantana camara (Verbenaceae)

  21. Uroplatis girardi, a leaf mining chrysomelid beetle Adult Leaf damaged by grubs

  22. Tingid bug, Teleonomiascrupulosa Adult Flower damaged by Lantanophagapusilidactyla(Pterophoridae)

  23. Partheniumhysterophorus(Asteraceae) A field covered by Parthenium in India

  24. Parthenium defoliated by Zygogramma histrophorus (Chrysomelidae)Photos: K. Dhileepan

  25. Giant sensitive plant, Mimosa diplotricha (Mimosaceae) Pictures: L. Kuniata • M. diplotrichainfested area in Papua New Guinea • Heteropsyllaspinosa– Effect of nirogen application

  26. Salviniamolestacontol by Cyrtobagous salviniae Photos : P. Room and M. Julien

  27. Waterhyacinth, Eichhorniacrassipes Waterhyacinth flower A pond in India infested by waterhyacinth

  28. Waterhyacinth in PNGPhotos: J.A. Coetzee et al.

  29. Waterhyacinth in a lake before and after release of Neochetina eichornieiae and N. bruchi Photos: J.A. Coetzee et al.

  30. Benefit cost analysis for the biological control of invasive weeds in the tropics

  31. Benefit cost analysis for the biological control of invasive weeds in the tropics (Contd.)

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