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Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown

Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown.

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Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown

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  1. Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown The surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown on October 19, 1781, led to the British decision to withdraw from the war. Cornwallis, who claimed to be ill, absented himself from the ceremony and is not in the picture. Washington, who is astride the horse under the American flag, designated General Benjamin Lincoln (on the white horse in the center) as the one to accept the submission of a subordinate British officer. John Trumbull, who painted The Battle of Bunker Hill and some three hundred other scenes from the Revolutionary War, finished this painting while he was in London about fifteen years after the events depicted. A large copy of the work now hangs in the rotunda of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.

  2. First Battle of the American Revolution April 19, 1775 This dramatic engraving of the first battle of the American Revolution at Lexington, Massachusetts, on April 19, 1775, is not the photographic work of an eyewitness to events but a close approximation to it. Ralph Earl, a painter, and Amos Doolittle, an engraver, walked over the battlefields at Lexington and Concord a few days after the engagement, interviewed spectators and participants, and collaborated in producing four large engravings that depicted the events with considerable accuracy. This scene from the first plate shows British troops firing on the American militia at Lexington.

  3. George Washington This fine portrait of George Washington appears in multiple versions depicting the victorious general against different backgrounds, including the battles of Princeton and Yorktown. The painter, Charles Willson Peale, served under Washington at Princeton, and the French commander at Yorktown, the Count de Rochambeau, took an appropriate version home with him in 1783.

  4. Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence and future president of the United States. Mather Brown, an American artist living in England, painted this picture of Jefferson for John Adams while the two men were in London on diplomatic missions in 1786. A companion portrait of Adams that Jefferson ordered for himself also survives. Brown’s sensitive portrait of a thoughtful Jefferson is the earliest known likeness of him.

  5. Ye Foil'd, Ye Baffled Britons This print shows the capture of Major John Andre, the British agent who acted as the go-between for British authorities and the American General Benedict Arnold, who planned to turn over the American fortress at West Point to them. The three militiamen who captured Andre, who was later hanged as a spy, reportedly refused a bribe for his release. The strange facial expressions of all the participants were probably the artist's crude attempt to indicate surprise.

  6. John Laurens John Laurens who hoped to raise the black troops in South Carolina as a prelude to the general abolition of slavery, was the only member of George Washington's staff to be killed in battle. This commemorative portrait by Charles Wilson Peale bears the Latin inscription "sweet and proper it is to die for one's country"

  7. Bon Homme Richard This engraving, published in London 1779, shows an apocryphal incident during the battle in which John Paul Jones' ship Bon Homme Richard defeated the British Serapis. During the fighting, Jones supposedly shot an American sailor who attempted to lower the ship's flag as a sign of surrender; actually Jones only knocked him down with a pistol. Legend (and the artist) may have confused this incident with an earlier one-while Jones was still a Scotsman- in which Jones did kill a mutineer.

  8. Yorktown 1781 American soldiers at Yorktown in 1781 as drawn by a young officer in the French army, Jean-Baptiste-Antoine de Verger. The African American on the left is an infantryman of the First Rhode Island Regiment; the next, a musketeer; the third, with the fringed jacket, a rifleman. The man on the right is a Continental artilleryman, holding a lighted match used to fire cannons.

  9. Don't Tread On Me The Gadsen flag, used initially by the US Navy. "Don't Tread on Me" captured the revolutionaries' insistence that they fought only to defend their liberties

  10. Join or Die When rotated, Franklin's snake imitated the North American coastline; he omitted Georgia, which was newly founded and inhabited largely by convicts freed from British prisons.

  11. George Washington, Appointed Commander in Chief On June 15th 1775, the Continental Congress elected George Washington Commander in Chief of all forces raised for the defense of the Colonies.

  12. The Battle of Bunker Hill A violent confrontation between rifle-wielding colonial rebels and British redcoats during the Battle of Bunker Hill.

  13. Valley Forge, 1777 An illustration depicting General George Washington riding into the snow covered encampment with ailing soldiers of the Continental Army at Valley Forge in 1777.

  14. Benjamin Franklin at the Court of France Benjamin Franklin conducted the negotiations that brought the French into the American Revolution against the British. Had this not occurred, it is doubtful that the American colonists, alone, could have held out against the British.

  15. George Washington's Revolutionary War Account Book, pg 49 George Washington received no salary, but did have his expenses reimbursed, while Commander in Chief of the Continental Army. This image shows page 49 of his original account book, submitted in 1783 to the Continental Congress. When Washington submitted his expenses to Congress, he left the door open to future claims: ''July 1, 1783: Amount of the Expenditures for the Years 1777, 8 + 9, and 1780, 1 + 2, and to the pres't date[:] 160,074 [dollars] [;] 7070 [pounds sterling], 15 [shillings], 4 [pence]''

  16. Hauling guns by ox teams from Fort Ticonderoga for the siege of Boston In the early stages of the Revolutionary War, capturing armament from the British was as important as holding territory. Here, cannons captured at Fort Ticonderoga are moved to the American lines surrounding Boston.

  17. The Destruction of Tea at Boston Harbor, 1773 Copy of lithograph by Sarony & Major, 1846. Members of Boston's Sons of Liberty, dressed as ''Indians'' to conceal their identity, dumped the British East India Company's cargo of tea into Boston harbor in December 1773, to protest taxes placed on tea and other ''necessities.''

  18. Map 6-1  The Battles of Lexington and Concord This map shows the area around Boston, Massachusetts, where in April 1775 British and American forces fought the first military engagements of the Revolution.

  19. Map 6-2  Early Fighting, 1775–1776 As this map clearly reveals, even the earliest fighting occurred in widely scattered areas, thereby complicating Britain’s efforts to subdue the Americans.

  20. Map 6-3  The War in the North, 1776–1777 Most of the fighting between the British and Americans during the first part of the war occurred in the North, partly because British authorities assumed that the New England colonies were the most rebellious.

  21. Map 6-4  The War on the Frontier, 1778–1779 Significant battles in the Mississippi Valley and the frontiers of the seaboard states added to the ferocity of the fighting and strengthened some American claims to western lands.

  22. Map 6-5  The War in the South, 1778–1781 During the latter part of the war, most of the major engagements occurred in the South. British forces won most of the early ones but could not control the immense territory involved and eventually surrendered at Yorktown.

  23. Map 6-6  North America after the Peace of Paris, 1783 The results of the American Revolution redrew the map of North America, confining Britain to Canada and giving the United States most of the area east of the Mississippi River, though Spain controlled its mouth for most of the next twenty years.

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