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Steam Foam

Steam Foam. George J. Hirasaki Rice University Presentation to Shell Canada July 23, 2014. What Went Wrong with PRISP?. Foam injection volumetric quality was too high Deep in High Quality Regime Foam Coalescence by Limiting Capillary Pressure Minimum Pressure Gradient not Considered

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Steam Foam

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  1. Steam Foam George J. Hirasaki Rice University Presentation to Shell Canada July 23, 2014

  2. What Went Wrong with PRISP? • Foam injection volumetric quality was too high • Deep in High Quality Regime • Foam Coalescence by Limiting Capillary Pressure • Minimum Pressure Gradient not Considered • NaCl was not used • Not Optimized for Foam Strength and Surfactant Transport • Divalent Ion Exchange with Clays Not Considered • Surfactant Precipitation by Divalent Cations Not Considered

  3. Effect of Salinity on Steam Foam Mobility Dilgren, Deemer, Owens (1982), SPE 10774

  4. Molecular Design of Surfactant for Steam • Thermally Stable • Reduce Steam Mobility • High Limiting Capillary Pressure • Not Reduce Oil Mobility • Transport Through Reservoir • Surfactant Adsorption • Tolerance to Divalent Ions • Not Partition into Oil

  5. Alkaline Steam Foam • Alkali can sponify naphthenic acids and lower residual oil saturation • H.C. Lau • Robert Li

  6. NI and LaurylBetain Blends Without Oil With SME Crude, WOR=1 NI only 5:1 NI:B 1:1 NI:B 1:2 NI:B 1:3 NI:B NI only 5:1 NI:B 1:1 NI:B 1:2 NI:B 1:3 NI:B • All vials contain 0.5% LaurylBetaine (except NI only),1% Na2CO3 and 3.5% NaCl

  7. Foam in Presence of SME Oil in the Micro ModelNI without Betaine

  8. Foam in Presence of SME Oil in the Micro ModelNIB (with Betaine)

  9. NIB Only in Secondary Recovery NIB NIB Air NIB Air NIB Air NIB Air NIB Air NIB Air NIB 164 darcy; 1% Na2CO3, 3.5% NaCl; 0.25% NI, 0.5% laurylbetaine … TPV 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.8 Liquid PV 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 5ft/D SAG, fg=0.5, constant pressure gradient ~2.8 psi/ft Effluent

  10. Displacement of Viscous (266 cp) Crude Oil by ASPF 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.0 Total PV 0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 Liquid PV Air NIP Air NIP Air IOS Air IOS Air IOS Air IOS Air IOS Air IOS NIP 1 ft/day 20 ft/day

  11. Hitory of Oil Recovery during FoamfloodRecovered 93% of the waterflooding remaining oil

  12. History of Apparent Viscosity during FoamfloodApparent viscosity less than 266 cp

  13. Treatment of Produced Fluids • See presentation on treatment of produce EOR emulsions

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