Overview of Advanced Protocols and Services for High Performance Networks

1. Overview of Advanced Protocols and Services for High Performance Networks Dae Young Kim Chungnam Nat’l Univ. ( http://ccl.chungnam.ac.kr/~dykim)

2. Contents • Advanced applications • Multicast • PIM • BGMP • RM • MTP/SO • SRM • QoS • IntServ • RSVP • DiffServ • IPv6 in vBNS • MPLS • References KRNET’98

3. Advanced Applications

4. Advanced Applications • Tele-medicine • VoD • Virtual reality(2-D & 3-D) • Tele-education • Tele-conference • Traffic information • Resource explorer KRNET’98

5. Advanced Applications (Cont’d) • Tele-medicine • by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) KRNET’98

6. Advanced Applications (Cont’d) • Virtual Reality • by NIST KRNET’98

7. Advanced Applications (Cont’d) • Traffic Information • by Connect and Microsoft team KRNET’98

8. Multicast

9. PIM - overview • Protocol Independent Multicasting • Independent of any particular unicast routing protocol • So, it can use whatever native unicast routing protocol. • Therefore, it has to maintain additional state information. • Actually two protocols : dense-mode, sparse-mode • Dense Mode or Sparse Mode does not imply the group size. KRNET’98

10. PIM - DM • Uses RPM (Reverse Path Multicast) like DVMRP : flood & prune • PIM-DM routers are capable of caching the Prune message. • No periodic joins & no RP (Rendezvous Point) KRNET’98

11. PIM - SM • Uses explicit & periodic Join/Prune message • DR sends periodic Join/Prune messages to a group-specific RP(Rendezvous Point). • Obtaining RP information • All routers within a PIM domain : collect Bootstrap message. • Routers use a set of available RPs : distributed in Bootstrap message. KRNET’98

12. PIM-SM (cont’d) • PIM-SM routers can switch from shared tree to shortest path tree. • when data packets received > threshold KRNET’98

13. BGMP (Border Gateway Multicast Protocol) • Builds shared trees for active multicast groups • BGMP uses TCP. • BGMP messages • Join/Prune Updates message • KeepAlive message • Notification message KRNET’98

14. BGMP (Cont’d) KRNET’98

15. Reliable Multicast(RM)

16. MTP/SO (MTP/Self Organization) • Characteristics • receiver-initiated error recovery • nak-based multicast • multicast retransmission in a local group • Coordinator • assigning tokens & updating the message state • Repeater • retransmit the NAKed packet • SO (Self Organization) • to solve the scaling problem • choose the best member as a local repeater (Repeater Announcement mechanism) KRNET’98

17. MTP/SO (Cont’d) KRNET’98

18. SRM (Scalable Reliable Multicast) • All traffic is multicast. • Uses ALF(Application Level Framing) concept. • Receivers multicast a ‘repair request’ to ask for missing data. • Anyone can reply, not just original sender. • To avoid NAK implosion, ‘slotting & damping’ is used. • Topology-driven repair chronology • chain topology • by distance • next figure • star topology • randomization • tree topology • deterministic + probabilistic KRNET’98

19. SRM (Cont’d) KRNET’98

20. QoS (Quality of Service)

21. Int-Serv • Guaranteed Service • loss-intolerant and hard real-time service • guarantee maximum delay with no queuing loss • Controlled-Load Service • delay-adaptive service • best-effort service under unloaded condition • no specific delay & loss guarantee • Requirements for bounded delay • Token Bucket filter • token rate r, bucket depth B • WFQ (Weighted Fair Queuing) • each flow gets its own individual queue with a share of the link KRNET’98

22. Int-Serv (Cont’d) • Token bucket & WFQ(Weighted Fair Queuing) KRNET’98

23. RSVP(Resource Reservation Protocol) • Characteristics • adapts dynamically to changing group membership as well as to changing routes • not a routing protocol but depends on routing protocols • simplex ; for unidirectional data flows • receiver-oriented • soft state • reservation styles (wildcard-, shared-, fixed- filter) • Problems • scalability • Can RSVP provide real resource reservation? KRNET’98

24. RSVP (Cont’d) • Mechanism KRNET’98

25. DiffServ • Differentiated services to users at times traffics are aggregated • Elements of the DiffServ architecture • PHBs (Per Hop Behavior) • classifiers • markers • policy KRNET’98

26. Router operation in DiffServ Network KRNET’98

27. Differential Service Byte • DS (Differential Service) byte definition • PHB : Per Hop Behavior • CU : currently unused DS byte IPv4 header IPv6 header KRNET’98

28. DiffServ (demonstration) • between Lawrence Berkeley & Argonne Nat’l lab • sending two video streams over the Internet • the priority marked stream : 8frames / sec • the standard stream : 1 frame /sec KRNET’98

29. IPv6 in vBNS

30. IPv6 Deployment Plans in vBNS • Implement native (not tunneled) IPv6-over-ATM on the vBNS backbone. • Deploy dedicated hardware(Cisco 4700s with DS-3/ATM) for IPv6 routing. • Construct a full mesh of PVCs among the IPv6 routers. • Connect to the 6bone in multiple locations via tunnels. KRNET’98

31. vBNS IPv6 Router Deployment KRNET’98

32. MPLS

33. MPLS (Multi-protocol Label Switching) • As line speed & traffic volume increase • the forwarding function can become a bottleneck • Label Edge Router (LER) • inserts/extract a label in the packet • forwards the packet on a label switching/non-MPLS interface • Label Switching Router (LSR) • looks at the label of the packet • swaps the label to the correct outgoing link KRNET’98

34. MPLS (Cont’d) • Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) ; the set of procedures & messages to inform of the mappings between labels & streams • Discovery Class Messages • to announce the presence of a LSR in the network • Adjacency Class Messages • to establish, maintain & close down adjacencies • Advertisement Class Messages • to deal with advertisements of new, changes & removal KRNET’98

35. MPLS (Cont’d) • Label/tag switching • referred to as Layer 2.5 KRNET’98

36. MPLS (Cont’d) KRNET’98

37. References • Quality of Serivce, paul Ferguson, Wiley, 1998 • http://www.isi.edu/div7/rsvp/pub.html • http://ccl.chungnam.ac.kr/~yhkim/rsvp • RFC 2205 (RSVP, 1997) • http://diffserv.lcs.mit.edu/ • A two-bit differeitiated services architecture for the Internet, “draft-nichols-diff-svc-arch-00.txt”, Nov, 97. • Definition of the Differentiated Services Field in the IPv4 & IPv6 headers, “draft-ietf-diffserv-header-00.txt”, May, 98. • The future of IP backbone technology, ERICSSON. • MPLS solutions for high capacity IP networks, ERICSSON. • Self-Organizing Multicast, “draft-bormann-som-00-pre-0.txt”, Sep, 96. • SOM, http://user.cs.tu-berlin.de/~nilss/som/som.html • Sally Floyd, “A Reliable Multicast Framework for Light-weight Sessions and Application Level Framing”, Nov, 96. • http://www-nrg.ee.lbl.gov/floyd/srm.html KRNET’98

38. References (Cont’d) • RFC 1458 • RFC 1700 • RFC 1819 • ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/documents/internet-drafts/draft-lim-ip-reliable-multicast-00.txt • ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/documents/internet-drafts/draft-kim-jtc1-sc6-ects-02.txt • http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ngtrans-charter.html • ftp://playground.sun.com/pub/ngtrans/mail.current • MPLS architecture, draft-ietf-mpls-arch-01.txt, Sep, 98. • PIMv2-DM spec, “draft-idmr-pim-sm-specv2-00.txt”, May 21, 98 • PIM-SM:protocol specification, “draft-idmr-pim-dm-spec-05.txt”, Sep 9, 97. • Dave Kosiur, ‘IP Multicasting’, John Wiley & sons, Inc. • BGMP, “draft-ietf-idmr-gum-02.txt”, Mar 12, 98. • Dave Kosiur, ‘IP Multicasting’, John Wiley & sons, Inc. • http://george.lbl.gov/BAGNet.html • http://www.ngi.gov/ • http://www.canarie.ca/ • http://www.internet2.edu/ KRNET’98