Logistics of Biomass Supply

1. Logistics of Biomass Supply Agricultural crops and residues Shahab Sokhansanj, Ph.D., P.Eng. Bioenergy Resources & Engineering Systems Oak Ridge National Laboratory

2. Scope • Introduction • Production and accessible quantities • Feedstock supply chains – formats • Solutions and cost targets • Analysis tools for optimum supply logistics • Concluding remarks Presentation_name

3. DOE Biorefining Industry 2030 Goals Introduction Displace a significant fraction of gasoline demand ~ 60 billion gallons/year by 2030 ~1.3 Billion tons/yr Biomass Potential in the U.S. Sugar Platform Syngas Platform http://bioenergy.ornl.gov (Perlack et al. 2005) Including Corn Grain, an Estimated 600 – 700 Million Tons of Biomass per Year is Needed for 60 B gal of ethanol. Presentation_name

4. What is the Time-Frame for Required Feedstock Tonnages? … Introduction • 2012 – 2015 Time Frame: • Grain Ethanol 7-8 billion gal. • Cellulosic Ethanol 3-4 billion gal. (estimated 35-45 M tons biomass) • 2030 Time Frame: • Grain Ethanol 13-14 billion gal. • Cellulosic Ethanol 40-50 billion gal. (estimated 400-500 M tons biomass) Chart representing ethanol volumes predicted from the high oil case using the transition model for the 30x30 NREL report., 2006. Presentation_name

5. Scope • Introduction • Production and accessible quantities • Feedstock supply chains – formats • Barriers and cost targets • Analysis tools for optimum supply logistics • Concluding remarks Presentation_name

6. Biomass availability Current resource availability and future resource potential: agricultural crop residues and perennial energy crops Presentation_name

7. Biomass availability subject to constraints Farm gate prices for stover is a determining factor on the amount of available stover Soil conservation requirements limit the available volumes Presentation_name

8. Estimates of biomass distribution and biorefining capacities Source: ORNL Robert Perlack, 2006 Presentation_name

9. Distribution Logging residue Stover Switchgrass Biomass moisture Presentation_name

10. Scope • Introduction • Production and accessible quantities • Feedstock supply chains – formats • Solutions and cost targets • Analysis tools for optimum supply logistics • Concluding remarks Presentation_name

11. The Supply chain Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis and Logistics (IBSAL) Model Presentation_name

12. Forms of biomass Presentation_name

13. Two major technological barriers • Bulkiness • High water content Presentation_name

14. Energy density of biomass Presentation_name

15. Estimated Field Moisture Content An estimate of biomass moisture content at harvest Source: (ORNL, Ethan Davis & Robert Perlack, 2007) Presentation_name

16. Scope • Introduction • Production and accessible quantities • Feedstock supply chains – formats • Solutions and cost targets • Analysis tools for optimum supply logistics • Conclusions Presentation_name

17. Densification/granulation Bulk density 60 kg/m3 Bulk density 600 kg/m3 Presentation_name

18. Optimum form of biomass Source: ORNL, Sokhansanj, 2005) Presentation_name

19. Storage and handling Presentation_name

20. Scope • Introduction • Production and accessible quantities • Feedstock supply chains – formats • Solutions and cost targets • Analysis tools for optimum supply logistics • Concluding remarks Presentation_name

21. Biorefinery Siting with GIS tools - ORIBAS Analysis team, ORNL (Craig Brandt, 2007) Presentation_name

22. Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis & Logistics - IBSAL Presentation_name

23. Modeling Tools Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis & Logistics (IBSAL) IBSAL library contains modules for assembling a production/transport scenario. Input and output communication with the program are through EXCEL Workbooks and Worksheets Presentation_name

24. Scope • Introduction • Production and accessible quantities • Feedstock supply chains – formats • Solutions and cost targets • Analysis tools for optimum supply logistics • Concluding remarks Presentation_name

25. Technical Targets Source: OBP Feedstock Platform Multi-Year Program Plan, 2007 Presentation_name

26. Biomass Feedstock Cost Target and Metrics The cost equation Efficiency [$/hr] Quality [$/ton] Grower Payment [$/ton] + + $/ton = Capacity [ton/hr] Therefore $35/ton = $10-$50/ton + $25/ton • Feedstock Resource R&D Plan Contributes: • Analysis and characterization • Projections based on technology development and supply demand assumptions • Technology development through “Regional” and “Office of Science” Partnerships • Feedstock Supply System R&D Plan Contributes: • Engineering Designs • Technology Development 2012 Industry initiation/low demand Cost Target (2002$) Source: Idaho National Laboratory (Richard Hess, 2007) Presentation_name

27. Acknowledgment • Bioenergy Resources & Engineering Systems Team, Oak Ridge National Laboratory • Feedstock Engineering Team, Idaho National Laboratory • Office of Biomass Program, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, DOE Presentation_name