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Basics of Matter: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

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  1. P. Sci. Unit 7 Chapter 2 Matter

  2. Chemistry • What things are made of and how things change.

  3. Matter • Has mass and takes up space. • Matter is made up of atoms • Light sound and electricity are NOT matter

  4. Atoms The smallest particle that has the properties of an element. Element – a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. All the atoms in the substance are alike

  5. Elements • Each element has a one or two letter symbol used worldwide to designate it. • The chart that shows all the known elements is called the Periodic Table of Elements.

  6. Compounds • When two or more elements combine chemically you get a compound.

  7. Molecule • The smallest unit of a substance that exhibits all the properties of that compound.

  8. Chemical formulas • The combination of chemical symbols (and how many atoms of each) make up a molecule of a substance.

  9. Pure vs. Mixtures • Pure substances – any substance that has a fixed composition and definite properties. Table sugar – C12H22O11

  10. Mixtures - A combination of substances that are not fixed; they can change OJ – is a mixture of water, citric acid and sugar among other things. Any drop of Orange Juice can have different amounts of the different components.

  11. Classifications of Mixtures • Homogeneous Mixtures – a mixture that is the same throughout (completely mixed) • Heterogeneous Mixtures – a mixture where you can see all the parts. (incompletely mixed)

  12. Properties of Matter • Physical Properties • Chemical Properties • Physical Changes • Chemical Changes Changes of Matter

  13. Physical Properties • characteristics of a material which can be observed without changing the identity of the substances in the material. • examples include color, shape, size, melting point, and boiling point.

  14. Appearance – physical description of a substance. Behavior – how a substance acts; for example, magnetism, viscosity, ductility. Physical properties such as size and magnetism can be used to separate mixtures.

  15. Chemical Properties • Characteristics of a substance indicating that it can change chemically.

  16. Examples: flammability or light sensitivity of a substance, production of a gas, production of a precipitate, change in odor.

  17. Physical Change • A change in a substance’s physical property (properties). • Substance does not change identity when it undergoes a physical change. • Examples: change in size, shape, or state of matter

  18. Chemical Change • When one substance changes to another substance. • Some chemical changes are indicated by temperature change, smell, or bubble formation.

  19. Other chemical changes occur very slowly such as the formation of rust.

  20. Density • The mass per unit volume of a substance. (how much matter is packed into a specific amount of a substance) • d = m/v • Density is a physical property.

  21. Dissolving • When a substance dissolves, it seems to disappear because the particles of the substance spread out between the particles of the liquid. Neither substance changes into another substance, therefore: • Dissolving is a physical change.

  22. Change of State • When a substance goes from one state of matter to another the substance does not change into another substance. (ice, water, steam – are all H2O) Therefore – Change of State is a Physical Change.

  23. End of Part 1

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