学 术 报 告 报告人： Prof. Dr. Ingo Rechenberg 德国柏林工业大学教授 由昆虫的飞行到微型飞行器的设计

1. 学 术 报 告 报告人：Prof. Dr. Ingo Rechenberg 德国柏林工业大学教授 由昆虫的飞行到微型飞行器的设计 时间：2007年10月17日18点到20点 地点：理科楼A楼504大会议室 报告简介：Ingo Rechenberg 教授，1934 年生。他是 Bionik ( Biology+Technics, 有译为科学进化仿生学） 的创始人，主要从工程学的角度研究生物进化的结果,目的是从生物进化仿照设计新的技术 , 例如像蜻蜓大小的飞行器。Rechenberg 教授是一个充满好奇心、创造力的学者，他曾在撒哈拉沙漠设立了一个研究所，研究一种在沙子下面生活的 sandfish. 最近两年，Rechenberg 数次访问中国。这次在本校的报告，Rechenberg 将演示他制造的微型飞行器实物，他的报告，将给我们带来惊叹和无限的启发！ 关于 Bionik 的更多介绍，请参考 http://www.bionik.tu-berlin.de/ 欢 迎 广 大 师 生 踊 跃 参 加

2. Insect flight and Micro Air Vehicles With Flight Demonstrations Ingo Rechenberg Technische Universität Berlin CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai

3. The bee and the Institute MAV

4. Ernst Jünger (1805 – 1998) Reconstruction of Jünger‘s glass bee At first I was struck by the large size of these bees… …they were considerably larger than a normal bee or even a hornet. They were about the size of a walnut still encased in its green shell. The wings were not movable like the wings of birds or insects, but were arranged around their bodies in a rigid band and acted as stabilizing and supporting surfaces. Novel 1957 Zapparoni, this devil of a fellow, had again outwitted nature. Probably he sat comfortably in his armchair and looked on the screen what the glass bee would send. Leading character

5. To my person Ingo Rechenberg Vice World Champion Winning Team 1954 World championship for F1A gliders (Denmark)

6. Mini Air Vehicle Start to a mission in the dunes

7. Mini Air Vehicle Flying straight ahead into the dunes

8. Mini Air Vehicle Poking around in the dunes

10. Indoor MAV of the institute with extreme manoeuverability

11. 0.25 mm The smallest flying insect (Ptenidium sp.) Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) Nano Air Vehicle (NAV) Pico Air Vehicle (PAV)

12. Pico Air Vehicles In the Nevada desert, an experiment has gone horribly wrong. A cloud of nanoparticles - micro-robots -has escaped from the laboratory. This cloud is self-sustaining and self-reproducing. It is intelligent and learns from experience. For all practical purposes, it is alive. It has been programmed as a predator. It is evolving swiftly, becoming more deadly with each passing hour. Every attempt to destroy it has failed.

13. 2.5 cm Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) Nano Air Vehicle (NAV)

14. 2.5 cm It never flew University Berkely Ronald S. Fearing The MFI-Project - Micromechanical Flying Insect

15. Announcement of the aerospace manufacturer Lockheed Martin Lockheed Martin, has won a $1.7 million contract from US defense research agency DARPA to develop a nano air vehicle. The remote-controlled device will be "the size and shape of a maple tree seed" and will be able to collect military intelligence indoors and outdoors. The system will incorporate a one-bladed wing, chemical rocket, sensor module, battery and communications, navigation and imaging kit. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

16. The maple tree seed as a model for a Nano Air Vehicle Rotational axis Rocket drive

17. 8.5 cm Picoflyer of the Norwegian Petter Muren Nano

18. Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) 12 cm 15 cm

19. A short excursion into How lift flight is generated aerodynamics

20. The airfoil has greater path length on the upper surface than on the lower. The fluid must run faster on the upper surface. Bernoulli‘s principle: Higher flow velocity produces lower pressure. Nonsense ! A cambered sail also produces lift, though the path on the upper side is as long than on the lower side.

21. There must be a lower pressure at the surface to force the particle on its curved path. The flow particle moves on a curved path. Observation: The particle does not fly away due to the centrifugal effect. Centrifugal effect Lower pressure Centripetal force Why does a cambered sail produces lift ?

22. US Student‘s MAV The decisive question Epson‘s MAV Flapping movement or rotational movement

23. Rotation cuts the connection between bearing and shaft Interrupted rotation In Biology

24. MAV Dragonfly Flapping is a substitute of rotation !

25. Abstracted view of flapping movement Hovering hummingbird

26. Abstracted view of flapping movement Hovering hummingbird

27. A hovering fly

28. Recorded wing trajectory of a hovering fly Experiment by Michael Dickinson

29. Engineering versus Biology Dragonfly (fed on honey) MAV (full charged battery) Flight duration: 4 houres Flight duration: 4 minutes

30. Power to weight Ratio: 0.1 W/g Energy density: 3.9 Wh/g 26 times more effective Flight muscle Honey droplet Electric motor LiPo-accumulator Power to weight Ratio: 3 W/g Energy density: 0.15 Wh/g 30 times more effective

31. MAV manoeuvreability Low lift High lift Swash plate Low lift High lift Low lift High lift Low lift High lift High lift Low lift RC receiver: The brain of the MAV

32. up foreward clockwise right left anticlockwise down backward MAV control in 4 freedoms

33. 1 m 1 m Proposel for an indoor competition with Micro Air Vehicles (MAV)

34. Pylons ! Outdoor Micro Air Vehicle Competition

35. Number of points Score = 3 Dimension MAV Event Rules Theobjetiveistobuildandflythesmallest radio-controlled MAV that can complete the most laps around a pylon course in a 2-minute time period. There will be two pylons spaced 12 meters apart. A circular path (green) flown around the pylons will result in a 1-point addition to the total score, while a figure-8 path (blue) flown around the pylons will result in a 2-point addition to the total score. 12 meters MAV Competition pylon pylon 2 points 1 point

37. Vision-basedcontrolof autonomouslyflyingmicroairvehicles

38. Optical flow as seen by a dragonfly flying above ground. Displacement of a pixel from one frame to the other

39. Optical flow and manoeuvre of a dragonfly

40. Weight 33 g HeliCommand Realization of a vision-based control unit

41. A futureview

42. Ithelpsyoueverywhere whenflying in theair 0 2 0 2 l e d o M Buyyour PMAV B&E Company Advertisement of an all-purpose artificialdragonfly

43. The near future Personal MAV The path of the MAV video signal using UMTS technique

44. Molecule „fishing net“ ! Single molecule dedection by the male of the silkworm moth

45. An autonomous swarm of artificial dragonflies on an environmental inspection

46. Artificial dragonfly with a single molecule sensor for local pest control (eliminating potato beetles) Leaf aroma Potato field attract

47. Artificial dragonflies examine a sewer

48. Humens hidden under the snow masses Artificial dragonflies form a smart antenna to detect alavanche victims

49. MAV detecting a hidden bomb Concourseof Leipzig

50. 3Ch RC Mosquito Mini Helicopter smallest in the world The Norwegian Petter Muren with his Nanoflyer 320 Y hide