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Addictions

Addictions. Advisor Groups CHS 2013/14. Definition of Addiction. Addiction : A condition with biological and social origins that continues with increased involvement despite negative consequences and efforts to discontinue the behavior. (Shaffer, 1997). What is a Drug?.

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Addictions

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  1. Addictions Advisor Groups CHS 2013/14

  2. Definition of Addiction • Addiction: A condition with biological and social origins that continues with increased involvement despite negative consequences and efforts to discontinue the behavior. • (Shaffer, 1997)

  3. What is a Drug? • A drug is a substance, natural or artificial that by its chemical nature changes the structure or function in a living organism – some definitions exclude food as a drug. • (Kasir, Hart & Ray, 2006)

  4. The Stages of Change of Addiction (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983 )

  5. Experimentation or Problematic Use? • A prescription for a painkiller that is taken as prescribed generally is not of concern, however, if the individual is taking pills because of the way it makes them feel, it is more problematic. • (Kasir, Hart & Ray, 2006).

  6. Experimentation or Problematic Use? • Individuals who drink with others are more likely drinking socially, but drinking alone can mean people are attempting to deal with personal problems with alcohol. • (Kasir, Hart & Ray, 2006).

  7. What are illicit drugs? • Illicit drugs are those that are unlawful to possess or use. Many drugs are available by prescription, but it is illegal to manufacture or sell personal prescriptions. • It is not appropriate to take other people’s medications or to use medications differently than they were designed, or prescribed. • (Kasir, Hart & Ray, 2006)

  8. Drug Misuse • Drug misuse - prescribed drugs in larger amounts, or for purposes other than, those prescribed by a physician or dentist. (Kasir, Hart & Ray, 2006).

  9. Drug Dependence • Drug Dependence - the individual uses the drug so frequently and consistently that it would be difficult for the person to get along without it. There may be withdrawal signs when the drug is not taken (physiological dependence) A great deal of time and effort is devoted to getting and using the drug The person may take more of the substance than intended. Theperson has tried several times to cut down or control the use (Kasir, Hart & Ray, 2006).

  10. Addiction can: • Be chronic • Create psychological dependence • Create physical dependence • Maintain continued use despite negative consequences • Cause loss of control • Involve tolerance • Produce withdrawal

  11. Two types of addiction: • Process Addictions, which include: • Gambling • Eating Disorders • Work • Sex • Pornography • Exercise (anorexia athletica) • Internet (video, x-box, nintendo) • Codependency • Relationships • Shopping • Perfectionism

  12. Second type of addiction: • Substance addictions, which include: • Illicit drugs • Prescription drugs • Over the counter medications • Alcohol • Cigarettes • Caffeine • Inhalants

  13. Which addictions are more visible? • Is it easier to see process addictions or substance addictions?

  14. We do not have addictions in our community • Or do we?

  15. Which is the most addictive substance? Crystal Meth Cigarettes Prescription Drugs Marijuana Crack Alcohol Heroin

  16. Are people who are addicted weak? • People who are addicted are often experiencing problems that they don’t know how handle. They still need understanding and compassion.

  17. Some of the Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug Use Relationship Problems Getting fired or kicked out of school

  18. Sickness and health problems

  19. Shame, worry, guilt, loneliness, confusion

  20. Secrets and lies (don’t talk, don’t tell)

  21. Homelessness, incarceration, poverty

  22. Accidents

  23. Jacobs (1986) • There is a definite link between trauma and addictions

  24. Alcohol and marijuana decrease: Attention Information processing Spatial skills (ability to locate objects in space) Learning Memory Planning and problem solving

  25. What is the law in Alberta? • Alcohol use before the age of 18 is illegal, and marijuana use is also still illegal. Medical marijuana is still somewhat difficult to obtain in Alberta. • https://myhealth.alberta.ca/health/Pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abl2153

  26. Why can’t people quit whenever they want? • Physical and psychological dependence • Way of coping • Fear of withdrawal • Don’t believe they can • Aren’t ready • Scared of failing

  27. What should I do? • Learn to talk about feelings and don’t “bottle” them up • Talking about things that bother us do this makes us less likely to “explode” or turn to addictions

  28. What should I do? • Talk to someone you trust – a counsellor, teacher, parent, nurse, or doctor – get help!!

  29. References • Bava, S.. & Tapert, S.F. (2010). Adolescent brain development and the risk for alcohol and other drug problems. Neuropsychological Review 20, 398-413. doi: 10.1007/s11065-010-9146-6 • Doweiko, H. (2006). Concepts of chemical dependency. (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson, Brooks/Cole. • Erford, B., Eaves, S., Bryant, E.,& Young, K. (2010). 35 Techniques Every Counselor Should Know. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education Inc. • Farthing, F. (2002). Anorexics and bulimics anonymous: The fellowship details its program of recovery for anorexia and bulimia. City unknown: Anorexics & Bulimics Anonymous.

  30. References • Florsheim, P.. Heavin, S., Tiffany, S., Colvin, P. & Hiraoka, R. (2008). An experimental test of a craving management technique for adolescents in substance-abuse treatment. Journal of Youth Adolescence 37, 1205-1215. doi: 10.1007/s10964-007-9232-0 • Harrison, A. W., Rainer, R. K., Hochwarter, W. A., & Thompson, K. R. (1997). Testing the self efficacy-performance linkage -cognitive theory. The Journal of Social Psychology, 137, 79-87. Retrieved from http://www.informaworld.comsmppcontent~db=all~content=a920865645~frm=titlelink • Jacobs, D. (1986). A general theory of addictions: A new theoretical model. Journal of Gambling Behavior 2(1), 15-31. doi: 10.1007/BF01019931 • Johnson, S. (2004). Therapist’s guide to clinical intervention: The 1-2-3’s of treatment planning. (2nd ed.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

  31. References • Jones, D. (2012). Creatively confronting addiction. The Lancet 379(9810) 20. Retrieved from: http://www.lancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2812%2960009-9/fulltext • Ksir, C., Hart, C., and Ray, O. (2006). Drugs, society, and human behavior. (11th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. • Lakhan, S.E. (2006). The biopsychosocial model of health and illness. Retrieved from: http://cnx.org/content/m13589/latest/ • Ormrod, J.E. (2008). Human Learning, 5th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. • Prochaska and DiClemente’s Stages of Change (1983) Retrieved from:http://www.stepupprogram.org/docs/handouts/STEPUP_Stages_of_Change.pdf

  32. References • Rawana, J. & Ames, M. (2012). Protective predictors of alcohol use trajectories among Canadian Aboriginal youth. Journal of Youth Adolescence 41, 229-243. doi: 0.1007/s10964-011-9716-9 • Samenow, C.P. (2010). A biopsychosocial model of hypersexual disorder/sexual addiction. Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity 17, 69-81. doi: 10.1080/10720162.2010.481300 

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