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Module 5: Disinfection and Chlorination

Module 5: Disinfection and Chlorination. Wastewater Treatment Plant Operator Certification Training. Unit 1 – Disinfection and Chlorination Principles. Learning Objectives State the purpose of disinfection in wastewater.

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Module 5: Disinfection and Chlorination

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  1. Module 5: Disinfection and Chlorination Wastewater Treatment Plant Operator Certification Training

  2. Unit 1 – Disinfection and Chlorination Principles Learning Objectives • State the purpose of disinfection in wastewater. • Identify the three types of chlorine used as disinfectants in wastewater. • Describe the breakpoint chlorination curve. • Identify alternate feed points and the use of chlorination in wastewater treatment. WB 1-1

  3. Pathogen Removal 3 WB 1-2 & 1-3

  4. Elemental Chlorine (Cl2) Chemistry Chlorine + Water ðHypochlorous Acid + Hydrochloric Acid Cl2 + H2O ðHOCl + H+ Cl- 4 WB 1-4

  5. Distribution of HOCL and OCL- 5 WB 1-5

  6. Sodium Hypochlorite (OCl-) Chemistry Sodium Hypochlorite + Water ðSodium Hydroxide + Hypochlorous Acid + Hypochlorite- + Hydrogen 2NaOCl + 2H2O ð2NaOH + HOCl + OCl- + H+ 6 WB 1-6

  7. Calcium Hypochlorite Chemistry Calcium Hypochlorite + Water ð Calcium Hydroxide + Hypochlorous Acid Ca(OCl)2 + 2H2O ð Ca(OH)2 + 2HOCl 7 WB 1-6

  8. Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2) Chemistry Sodium Chlorite + Chlorine ðSodium Chloride + Chlorine Dioxide 2NaClO2 + Cl2ð 2NaCl + 2ClO2 Chlorine dioxide + Water ð Chlorate Ion + Chlorite Ion + Hydrogen Ion 2ClO2 + H2O ð ClO3-+ ClO2-+2H+ WB 1-7

  9. Chlorine Demand WB 1-8

  10. Chlorine Residual WB 1-9

  11. Establishing Dosages Feed Rate, lbs/day = Flow (MGD) x Dosage (mg/L) x 8.34 lbs/gal WB 1-10 & 1-11

  12. Breakpoint Chlorination Curve WB 1-12

  13. Factors Influencing Disinfection WB 1-13

  14. Relative Effectiveness vs. pH WB 1-14

  15. Relative Effectiveness vs. Temperature WB 1-14

  16. Relative Effectiveness vs. Dosage WB 1-15

  17. Relative Effectiveness vs. Contact Time WB 1-15

  18. Application Points • Collection Systems • Pre-chlorination • Plant Chlorination • Chlorination prior to filtration • Post filtration chlorination WB 1-17

  19. Key Points and Exercise • Turn to page 1-18 to summarize the unit key points. • Turn to page 1-19 for exercise

  20. Unit 1 Exercise • kill, inactivate • bacteria, viruses, cysts • screening, grit removal, primary sedimentation • chlorination • All of the above • 6.5 mg/L • Short-circuiting WB 1-19

  21. Unit 1 Exercise con’t • All of the above • A, C, C, B, C, D, D, B

  22. Unit 2 – Chlorination Process Control Learning Objectives • List the ways in which a chlorine feed can be controlled. • Describe chlorine residual and identify the types of chlorine residuals expected to be present during disinfection. • Describe the common methods used for measuring chlorine residual in wastewater operations. WB 2-1

  23. Manual Control WB 2-2

  24. Start Stop Control WB 2-3

  25. Step Rate Control WB 2-4

  26. Timed Program Control WB 2-5

  27. Flow Proportional Control WB 2-6

  28. Chlorine Residual Analyzer WB 2-7

  29. Measurement of Chlorine Residual WB 2-8

  30. Determining Chlorine Feed Rate WB 2-9

  31. Key Points and Exercise • Turn to page 2-10 to summarize the unit key points. • Turn to page 2-11 for exercise

  32. Unit 2 Exercise • d • e • 93.8 lbs/day • 0.6 mg/L WB 2-11

  33. Unit 3 – Chlorine Safety & Handling Learning Objectives • Describe an effective chlorine safety program. • Describe the handling procedure for each chlorine container and some of the related safety devices provided. • Describe the measures to take in the event of a chlorine leak. WB 3-1

  34. Physiological Response to Chlorine Gas WB 3-2

  35. Personnel Safety, Protection & First Aid WB 3-3 & 3-4

  36. Chlorine Cylinder WB 3-5

  37. Ton Container WB 3-6

  38. Trunnions WB 3-7

  39. Excess Flow Valve WB 3-8

  40. Chlorine Leaks & Response WB 3-9

  41. Chlorine Repair Kit WB 3-10

  42. Chlorine Scrubber WB 3-11

  43. Key Points and Exercise • Turn to page 3-12 to summarize the unit key points. • Turn to page 3-13 for exercise

  44. Unit 3 Exercise • a • safety • 10 • Risk Management • 158 to 165 • 6 and 12 • top WB 3-13

  45. Unit 3 Exercise • trunnions • a • railroad tank • ammonia, white smoke

  46. Unit 4 – Chlorination Equipment and Maintenance Learning Objectives • Identify equipment related to a gas feed system. • Identify equipment related to a hypochlorite feed system. • Identify equipment related to a chlorine dioxide feed system, and how it differs from the gas and hypochlorite feed systems. WB 4-1

  47. Gas Feed System 47 WB 4-2

  48. Evaporator WB 4-6

  49. Sodium Hypochlorite Feed System WB 4-8

  50. Hypochlorite Generator WB 4-10

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