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Exploring Biotic and Abiotic Factors in Ecology

Discover the intricate balance of living organisms and their environment, including cells, species concepts, ecosystems, and the impact of microbes. Learn about energy flow, trophic levels, and biodiversity within different biomes.

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Exploring Biotic and Abiotic Factors in Ecology

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  1. Environmental Science Unit 2 Sections 3-1 to 3-3, Fall 2010

  2. Bell-Work • Describe several biotic and abiotic factors in your life • Describe two ways microbes influence your life. • In your own words, describe a species.

  3. Bell-Work Conversions • Convert the following: • 1.45 x 105 J/sKj/Min • 2.45 x 102 Kcal/m2 -> Kcal/km2 • 37 g/day -> kg/year

  4. Cell Theory • All living things are made of cells • All cells come from other cells • Cells are the building blocks of life • Two different types • Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic

  5. Ecology • Comes from the Greek word oikos meaning “house” • The study of how organisms interact with one another and their abiotic (non-living) environment. • We focus on organisms and up.

  6. Biological Species Concept • A species is a related group of organisms whose members can freely interbreed, in nature… Parrot Mushroom Thompson’s Gazelle Proboscis Monkey

  7. Population • A group of organisms of the same species occupying a given area. Variation in a population is called genetic diversity Field of Poppies

  8. Other Populations

  9. Community • A community is defined as a group of interacting species living in the same place.

  10. Ecosystem • All the biotic and abiotic factors in an area working together. • Biotic – Living things • Abiotic – Non-living things

  11. Biosphere – The Earth

  12. Atmosphere • Thin envelope of gases surrounding Earth’s surface. • Troposphere – extends ~17 km up, “weather” producing region of the atmosphere. • 78% Nitrogen • 21% Oxygen • 1% CO2, H2O, CH4 (greenhouse gases) • Stratosphere – upper layer containing most of the ozone (O3)

  13. Hydrosphere and Geosphere • Hydrosphere • Liquid water • Ice caps • Permafrost • Water vapor • Geosphere • Core • Mantle • Crust

  14. Biomes – large regions with distinct climates

  15. Aquatic life zones • Freshwater life zones • Lakes and streams • Marine life zones • Coral reefs • Estuaries • Deep ocean

  16. Factors Sustaining Life • One-way flow of high quality energy • Solar energy fuels life processes and is dissipate back to space as heat (low quality energy). • Cycling of matter or nutrients • Fixed supplies of nutrients must be recycled. • Gravity • Helps hold the atmosphere in place and enables cycling

  17. Solar Energy • UV, visible, and IR energy • Radiation • Absorbed by ozone • Absorbed by the earth • Reflected by the earth • Radiated by the atmosphere as heat • Natural greenhouse effect – keeps the earth warm enough to support life.

  18. Abiotic and Biotic Abiotic – non-living Biotic – living or once living

  19. Range of Tolerance • Tolerance in physical and chemical variation in the environment; Figure 3-10.

  20. Limiting Factors • Factors more important than others in regulating population growth (carrying capacity)

  21. Trophic Levels • Omnivores – eat from multiple trophic levels • Decomposers – bacteria & fungi; release nutrients from dead organisms; use secretions • Detritus Feeders – eat dead organisms and waste

  22. Energy Flow

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